Lubeck synagogue

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(Forwarded from Synagoge (Lübeck) )
The synagogue in Lübeck, 2007
Synagogue in Lübeck, 1930
The interior for the 25th anniversary of the synagogue
Inauguration ceremony of the Lübeck Israelite Home on September 27, 1904

The Lübeck Synagogue , now also known as the Carlebach Synagogue , is located in Lübeck's old town , St.-Annen-Straße 13, between the Evangelical Lutheran Aegidienkirche and the neighboring St. Anne's Monastery , which is now a municipal museum . It is the only completely preserved Jewish church in Schleswig-Holstein and was named after its first rabbi Salomon Carlebach (1845-1919).

story

location

In the 14th century, Lübeck's largest farm, which was later called the Ritterhof, was located on the area where the synagogue was later to be built. From 1786 to 1811 the royal post office of the Electorate of Hanover was located there .

The Jewish community acquired the property in 1862 and had the buildings on it demolished.

Building history

Construction of the synagogue began on July 15, 1878. The construction management was the responsibility of the Lübeck architect Ferdinand Munzenberger (1846-1924) in the office of Munzenberger and Dalmer . Munzenberger, who had specialized in large public buildings and who also designed the Königstrasse 1–3 house for the life insurance company and the post office on the market , built the synagogue in the Moorish style with a dome . The interior decoration was done by the painter C. Feldmann. On June 10, 1880, the entire Lübeck Senate took part in the inauguration , and the presiding mayor Heinrich Theodor Behn opened the house. An unscheduled, comical episode occurred during the solemn pageant that was being formed at the time . This was preceded by a girl with an atlas cushion on which the specially made gold-plated key was to be carried. After the mayor was asked in a poem to unlock the temple , the key was not at hand. In the excitement one had forgotten to put the key on the pillow.

The Israelite Home in the immediate vicinity has enriched the city since 1904 .

On Saturday, July 1st, 1905, the Israelite community celebrated the 25th anniversary of the inauguration - according to the Jewish calendar. The synagogue, which had been repainted by the painter Both the previous year , was festively decorated with flowers, foliage plants and garlands and, despite the great heat, almost every room was filled. The one-hour celebratory sermon was given by Rabbi Salomon Carlebach , who was in office 25 years ago , and whose Nanen now bears the synagogue.

It followed on from the week section from the Pentateuch that had just been read out - the report of the spies and the revolt of the people ( 4 Mos 13/14  EU ) - which Moses believed to be the main culprit for that fatal event for the Israelites in the desert , and drew the lesson from this that the heads everywhere are responsible for the measures they have approved or not prevented, but the local Israelite community can consider itself fortunate that in the past 25 years there has always been an understanding between the community and its leadership . A Hamburg patron of the community and a friend of the rabbi donated a new magnificent Torah scroll ornament, which was inaugurated at the celebration. He also donated 100  marks for immediate distribution to the poor in the community.

In the pogrom night of 1938 , the synagogue was desecrated, but not set on fire, as it was already intended for sale to the city of Lübeck. Officially, the dense development of the city center and the neighborhood to the St. Anne's Museum was considered the reason that it did not go up in flames. Instead, it was "only" destroyed inside. After that, it was converted into a sports hall.

Its new facade was rebuilt according to the plans of the then city building director and chief monument conservator of Lübeck, Hans Pieper . In the years from 1939 to 1941, the magnificent Moorish style elements and the dome were removed. The sports hall had a simple brick facade .

Since the post-war period, a star of David in the gable and Psalm 67.4 in the Hebrew language ( Thank you, God, the peoples Ps 67.4  EU ) indicate the renewed function as a synagogue. The interior has been restored to its previous state.

By postponing fundamental renovation work, the synagogue fell into a poor structural condition. The start of the renovation was delayed by a dispute that arose in 2012 as to whether the historic facade from the time of construction should be restored or not.

Interior during restoration (2018)

The renovation of the synagogue began in 2014 and the work was scheduled to be completed by the end of 2016. The estimated costs of 6.3 million euros were borne by the federal government, the state of Schleswig-Holstein and foundations. Due to lack of money, work had to be stopped in the meantime. In November 2016, the budget committee of the Bundestag approved 2.5 million euros for further reconstruction work.

One year after the renovation work was completed, the Carlebach Synagogue was officially reopened with a ceremony on August 12, 2021 with around 100 invited guests. Among others, the President of the Central Council of Jews in Germany, Josef Schuster , Minister of State for Culture Monika Grütters (CDU), Prime Minister Daniel Günther (CDU), Dov-Levi Barsilay ( State Rabbi of the Jewish Community of Schleswig-Holstein) and Armin Mueller-Stahl (honorary citizen Schleswig-Holstein). The actual opening ceremony was canceled in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic .

local community

The community rabbi had been Salomon Carlebach since 1870. After his death, he was first followed by his son Joseph Carlebach and, in 1921, by David Alexander Winter . The latter remained in the office until 1938 and should have been the last there for 77 years.

The Jewish Community Lübeck eV had around 800 members in 2010, more than 95 percent of whom come from the former Soviet Union . It has been self-employed since January 1, 2005 and belongs to the Jewish Community of Schleswig-Holstein Kdö.R. - Regional Association of the Jewish Communities Lübeck, Kiel and Region as well as Flensburg . The regional association has been a member of the Central Council of Jews in Germany since November 20, 2005 .

With Yakov Yosef Harety, who was born in Jerusalem, the congregation received a full-time rabbi again in 2015. Harety, who comes from a rabbi family, studied in Israel, spent a year as a young rabbi in Russia and therefore speaks Russian. He has lived in Germany since 2003 and, before moving to Lübeck, headed communities in Hanover, Fürth and Wolfsburg.

Arson attacks

If the synagogue was avoided in 1938, attempts were made twice in the 1990s.

On March 25, 1994, the first arson attack on a synagogue in Germany since the night of the pogrom in 1938 was carried out. A Molotov cocktail was used for this. Because of the worldwide outcry over the right-wing extremist attack, the Federal Prosecutor's Office opened the investigation and was able to identify the four perpetrators. They were sentenced to prison terms of between two and a half and four and a half years by judgment of the Schleswig Higher Regional Court on April 13, 1995.

About a year later, on May 7, 1995, there was another arson attack on the synagogue. The adjoining shed that was set on fire burned out completely. The investigation did not reveal any evidence of possible perpetrators and was discontinued in August 1997.

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Synagoge (Lübeck)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The renovation of the synagogue started a year ago . In: Lübecker Nachrichten . July 19, 2015, p. 15.
  2. ↑ two stanzas from the poem: "So open the gate, you first in the council / Open the house and announce it loudly / That, as he also believes, in our state / The citizen in the citizen only looks at the brother. / ... "
  3. ↑ a b The celebration of the 25th anniversary of the synagogue. In: Father City Leaves , No. 29, 1905, July 16, 1905, p. 117.
  4. ↑ Inauguration of the Israelite home. In: Vaterstädtische Blätter from October 16, 1904.
  5. ↑ We are renovating our historical synagogue. Lübeck Jewish Community, accessed on September 1, 2016 (menu item Time Travel Synagogue in Lübeck ).
  6. ^ Lübeck (Schleswig-Holstein). From the history of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area, accessed on September 12, 2016 .
  7. ↑ a b Marlies Bilz-Leonhardt: Collapsing old buildings. In: Jüdische Allgemeine. March 4, 2010, accessed April 6, 2015 .
  8. ^ Marlies Bilz-Leonhardt: Dispute about the Nazi facade. In: Jüdische Allgemeine. June 28, 2012, accessed April 6, 2015 .
  9. ^ Marlies Bilz-Leonhardt: Dispute over synagogue facade. In: Jüdische Allgemeine. February 7, 2013, accessed April 6, 2015 .
  10. ↑ The renovation of the synagogue started a year ago. In: Lübecker Nachrichten. July 19, 2015, p. 15.
  11. ^ Heike Linde-Lembke: Synagogue Lübeck. Further construction is now possible. Bundestag approves 2.5 million euros for renovation. In: Jüdische Allgemeine from November 15, 2016
  12. ^ Refurbished Lübeck synagogue reopened . In: zeit.de, August 12, 2021 (accessed August 13, 2021).
  13. ↑ Kai Dordowsky: Lübeck has a rabbi again. In: Lübecker Nachrichten. July 19, 2015, p. 15.
  14. ↑ Klaus Pflieger: Against the Terror - Memories of a Public Prosecutor. Verrai, Stuttgart 2016, section: Lübeck on April 25, 1994 - first synagogue fire after the Reichskristallnacht , pp. 281–291.
  15. ↑ Series of attacks in Lübeck still unexplained. In: Berliner Zeitung. March 25, 1999, accessed October 25, 2012.

Coordinates: 53 ° 51 ′ 46.9 ″  N , 10 ° 41 ′ 22.4 ″  E