Cheapheim Synagogue (Billigheim-Ingenheim)
| Cheap home synagogue | ||
|---|---|---|
| place | Cheap home-Ingenheim | |
| Architectural style | two-storey rectangular building with a gable roof | |
| Construction year | about 1844-1845 | |
| demolition | after 1938 | |
| Coordinates | 49 ° 8 '17.2 " N , 8 ° 5' 44.5" E | |
|
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The synagogue in Billigheim was built around 1844/45 at Fürststrasse 170 (today's Marktstrasse 39). During the November pogroms in 1938 , the synagogue was devastated and set on fire. The ruin was later demolished.
synagogue
Presumably there was already a prayer room ( named as a synagogue in the original cadastre in 1842 ) at Fürststraße 170 (today's Marktstraße 39). In 1844 the building was in dire need of renovation. During the renovation work, it was found that the damage was so great that it was no longer possible to renovate the existing building fabric. The community then decided to build a new synagogue. The costs, however, exceeded the financial resources of the Jewish community. The new building could only be realized with the help of a donation from a member of the Jewish community in the amount of 157 guilders and a grant from the Billigheim community in the amount of 125 guilders. The building was completed around 1844/45. It was a two-storey rectangular building with a gable roof that consisted of a residential building and a farm building. The front part was formed by the residential building in front and the rear part by the farm building. The prayer room was located on the upper floor of the farm building and had 31 seats for men. The 21 female seats were located on the upper floor of the rear part of the house. The synagogue was repaired several times between 1876 and 1891. The most extensive renovation work took place in 1876/77. The residential building in the front part of the building was demolished, which meant that a staircase had to be attached to the farm building through which the prayer room could be reached. During the November pogroms in 1938, members of the SA and SS vandalized the synagogue and set it on fire. The ruin was later demolished. Today, there is a private car park where the synagogue was located. In 1986 a memorial plaque was attached to the house at Marktstrasse 37. The inscription reads:
Until it was destroyed by
the National Socialists on the night
of 9/10 November 1938
THE SYNAGOGUE OF THE JEWISH
COMMUNITY BILLIGHEIM
With its destruction and the subsequent
deportation of our Jewish
fellow citizens to the death camps,
all Jewish life in our place ended.
This plaque should be a reminder
for the living and a reminder of
the coming generation.
Cheapheim Jewish Community
The first documentary mention of a Jew living in the area of Billigheim comes from 1510. However, further written evidence is not found again until 1722. The number of members of the Jewish community increased steadily until the middle of the 19th century. From the middle of the 19th century, the number of members continued to decline. This was due to the beginning wave of emigration and an emigration to the cities as a result of increasing industrialization. In addition to the synagogue, the Jewish community had a mikveh . Although there was no school building of its own, the congregation employed a teacher who also took on the duties of prayer and shochet . The children were taught in the private homes of Jewish community members. The deceased were buried in the Jewish cemetery in Ingenheim . From 1933, after the seizure of power of Adolf Hitler , the Jewish inhabitants were increasingly disenfranchised. In addition, there were repeated anti-Jewish actions. As a result, many Jewish families left cheap homes. The last five Jewish residents living in cheap homes were deported to the French internment camp Gurs in October 1940 as part of the so-called Wagner-Bürckel action .
Development of the Jewish population
| year | Jews | Jewish families | comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1510 | 1 | ||
| 1722 | 10 | ||
| 1731 | 66 | 12 | |
| 1768 | 12 | ||
| 1808 | 42 | ||
| 1825 | 96 | 5.5 percent of the population | |
| 1848 | 98 | ||
| 1858 | 109 | ||
| 1875 | 68 | ||
| 1880 | 72 | ||
| 1900 | 62 | ||
| 1910 | 70 | ||
| 1924 | 48 | ||
| 1932 | 35 | ||
| 1937 | 14th | ||
| 1938 | 16 | ||
| 1940 | 5 |
Source: alemannia-judaica.de; jewische-gemeinden.de
The Memorial Book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny 1933–1945 and the Central Database of the Names of the Holocaust Victims of Yad Vashem list 17 members of the Billigheim Jewish community (who were born there or lived there temporarily) who were during the Nazi era were murdered.
literature
- Cilli Kasper-Holtkatte: Jews on the move. On the social history of a minority in the Saar-Mosel area around 1800. In: Helmut Castritius (Ed.), Alfred Haverkamp (Ed.), Franz Irsigler (Ed.), Stefi Jersch-Wenzel (Ed.): Research on the history of the Jews (= Research on the history of the Jews. Volume 3). Hahnsche Buchhandlung Verlag, Hanover 1996, ISBN 978-3775256124 . ( online )
- Bernhard Kukatzki: The Billigheimer Jews. Schifferstadt 1993.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Billigheim (Palatinate) . alemannia-judaica.de. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
- ^ A b c Billigheim (Rhineland-Palatinate) . jewische-gemeinden.de. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
- ^ Billigheim-Ingenheim -1 . Jewish community of the Rheinpfalz. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
- ↑ Commemorative Book Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945 . Federal Archives. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
- ^ Central database of the names of Holocaust victims . Yad Vashem - International Holocaust Memorial. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
