Niederhochstadt synagogue
| Niederhochstadt synagogue | ||
|---|---|---|
| place | Hochstadt (Palatinate) | |
| Architectural style | Half-timbered house | |
| Construction year | before 1815 | |
| demolition | 1938 | |
| Coordinates | 49 ° 14 '32 " N , 8 ° 13' 8" E | |
|
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The synagogue in Niederhochstadt (today part of Hochstadt ) was located in a half-timbered house at Kirchgasse 11. The building was already used as a synagogue before 1815. The synagogue was devastated during the November pogroms in 1938 . It was torn down two days later.
synagogue
There was a prayer room as early as 1789. The exact age of the synagogue is not documented. The synagogue was first mentioned in a document in 1815 in a report by the Speyer district administration . In 1839 it was described in the original cadastre. It was a half-timbered building. It stood in what is now the Niederhochstadt district of the Hochstadt community, which was an independent community until 1969, at Kirchgasse 11. The synagogue had 60 seats for men and 30 seats for women. In the basement of the synagogue was the mikveh . During the November pogroms in 1938, the interior of the synagogue was destroyed and the windows smashed. Two days later the synagogue was torn down on the pretext that it was in disrepair. The site was sold to a private individual who built a house and a workshop there. Whether and how much of the structure of the former synagogue has been preserved in the buildings cannot be proven.
Jewish community Niederhochstadt
As early as the end of the 17th century, Jews can be found in the Niederhochstadt area. These were provided with letters of protection by the Order of St. John . From the 18th century the number of members of the Jewish community rose sharply and peaked in the middle of the 19th century. From the middle of the 19th century, the number of members continued to decline. This was due to the beginning wave of emigration and an emigration to the cities as a result of increasing industrialization. The community had a Jewish denominational school from 1836 to 1924 (from 1924 only religious school). A religion teacher was employed who also took on the duties of prayer leader and shochet . From 1856 the dead were buried in the Jewish cemetery in Niederhochstadt. Before that, to the Jewish cemetery in Essingen . From 1933, after the seizure of power of Adolf Hitler , the Jewish inhabitants were increasingly disenfranchised. In addition, there were repeated anti-Jewish actions. As a result, more Jewish families left Niederhochstadt. The last eleven Jewish residents living in Niederhochstadt were deported to the French internment camp Gurs in October 1940 as part of the so-called Wagner-Bürckel campaign .
Development of the Jewish population
| year | Jews | Jewish families | comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1765 | 12 | ||
| 1808 | 100 | 12 percent of the population | |
| 1823 | 153 | 14 percent of the population | |
| 1843 | 151 | 29 | |
| 1848 | 221 | 40 | |
| 1875 | 148 | ||
| 1900 | 99 | ||
| 1932 | 35 | ||
| 1936 | 24 | ||
| 1938 | 17th |
Source: alemannia-judaica.de; jewische-gemeinden.de
The memorial book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under National Socialist Tyranny 1933–1945 and the Central Database of the Names of the Holocaust Victims of Yad Vashem list 33 members of the Niederhochstadt Jewish community (who were born there or lived there for a while) who were during the National Socialist era were murdered.
literature
- Stefan Fischbach, Ingrid Westerhoff: "... and this is the gate of heaven". Synagogues in Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland . Published by the State Office for the Preservation of Monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate , State Conservatory Office of the Saarland, Synagogue Memorial Jerusalem. ( Memorial book of the synagogues in Germany , 2). Verlag Philipp von Zabern , Mainz 2005, ISBN 3-8053-3313-7 , p. 187.
- Gerd Pressler: On the history of the Jewish community Niederhochstadt. In: Gerd Pressler (Ed.): Over 1200 years of Hochstadt . Ortgemeinde Hochstadt, Hochstadt 1982, pp. 258–271.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Niederhochstadt with Oberhochstadt (municipality of Hochstadt) . alemannia-judaica.de. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
- ↑ a b c Hochstadt - formerly: Niederhochstadt (Rhineland-Palatinate) . jewische-gemeinden.de. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
- ↑ Commemorative Book Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945 . Federal Archives. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
- ^ Central database of the names of Holocaust victims . Yad Vashem - International Holocaust Memorial. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
