Paradise Kingfisher
| Paradise Kingfisher | ||||||||||
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Braunmantelliest ( Tanysiptera danae ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||
| Tanysiptera | ||||||||||
| Vigors , 1825 |
The Paradieseisvögel ( Tanysiptera ) constitute a genus of birds within the family of Kingfisher (Alcedinidae). This genus includes eight species that occur in Australia , New Guinea , the Moluccas and individual islands of Wallacea . The main distribution area of the genus is New Guinea. In Australia there is only one species with the Paradise read .
Several species of the genus are pronounced island endings . The stock situation of a kind, namely only on the island Kofiau west of New Guinea occurring Elliotliest is endangered by the IUCN ( Vulnerable classified). The Spatelliest , which occurs with several subspecies on islands and archipelagos, is the species with the largest range.
features
The smallest species among the paradise kingfishers is the brown-mantled bird . Including the extended control springs, it reaches a body length of 28 to 30 centimeters. The largest species reach a body length of around 38 centimeters. They are therefore comparatively small kingfishers.
Apart from the brown mantle and nymphs , paradise kingfishers are predominantly blue and turquoise-blue on the upper side of the body. Typical are a blue cap, black or turquoise blue over-eye stripes and a black-blue coat. The blue coloration is most pronounced in the Numforliest , in which only the lower back, the rump and the under tail-coverts are white. The rest of the plumage is blue, with the wings on the shoulder feathers and the umbrella feathers being almost black. With the larger number of species, the proportion of white on the underside of the body is greater. Common to all species is the red beak, which is slightly raised at the end. An essential feature of the genus, however, is the greatly elongated middle control spring pair, which protrudes over the rest of the tail plumage up to 11 centimeters. The end is often spatulate. The tail plumage is blue, half blue and white, white with blue feather fringes or pure white.
Distribution and habitats
The main distribution of the genus is New Guinea: Several species occur on this 786,000 km² island. There are also several island endings that occur on islands in the Moluccas and the Louisiade archipelago. Most of the paradise kingfishers are resident birds. Only the paradise read, which also occurs in the extreme northeast of Australia, moves to New Guinea in the winter months.
The spatelliest is the most widespread of the paradise kingfishers. It occurs in 15 subspecies on New Guinea and the islands of the Moluccas and the Louisiade archipelago . Several subspecies of the Spatelliest live on New Guinea itself, the remaining subspecies are limited in their distribution to individual islands or island groups. The nymphs and brown mantles are only found in New Guinea. The Feenliest is native to the Indonesian Aru Islands and the extreme south of New Guinea. It is believed that the Feenliest descended from the Spatelliest and developed into an independent species on Aru. From there he colonized New Guinea, where today the range of the two species overlaps. The two species do not produce natural hybrids. The Elliotliest is also closely related to the Spatelliest. It occurs only on the Indonesian island of Kofiau, off the west coast of New Guinea. The Biakliest occurs on two islands in the East Indonesian Cenderawasih Bay . The Numforliest is located on an island north of Cenderawasih Bay.
species
There are eight types:
- Fairy Reads ( Tanysiptera hydrocharis )
- Spatelliest ( Tanysiptera galatea )
- Elliotliest ( Tanysiptera ellioti )
- Biakliest ( Tanysiptera riedelii )
- Numforliest ( Tanysiptera carolinae )
- Nymphenliest ( Tanysiptera nympha )
- Braunmantelliest ( Tanysiptera danae )
- Paradise read ( Tanysiptera sylvia )
literature
- Bruce M. Beehler, Thane K. Pratt: Birds of New Guinea; Distribution, Taxonomy, and Systematics . Princeton University Press, Princeton 2016, ISBN 978-0-691-16424-3 .
- C. Hilary Fry , Kathie Fry: Kingfishers, Bee-Eaters, & Rollers. Princeton, New Jersey 1992, 1999, ISBN 0-691-04879-7 .
Web links
Single receipts
- ↑ Handbook of the Birds of the World for Elliotliest , accessed June 22, 2017
- ↑ a b Beehler &. Pratt: Birds of New Guinea . P. 223.
- ↑ Handbook of the Birds of the World zum Braunmantelliest , accessed on June 22, 2017
- ↑ Handbook of the Birds of the World zum Feenliest , accessed on June 22, 2017