Thuringian Parliament (1946–1952)

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The Thuringian state parliament was the state parliament of the state of Thuringia in the Soviet Zone and GDR from 1946 until the dissolution of the states in 1952. After the fall of the Wall , the state of Thuringia was re-established and the Thuringian state parliament was re-elected.

prehistory

In order to enable the rebuilding of the state order after the Second World War in the countries of the Soviet occupation zone in the sense of building socialism , the Consultative State Assembly was convened on June 13, 1946 in Thuringia by the Soviet Military Administration in Germany (SMAD) .

According to the Potsdam Agreement of August 2, 1945, this Consultative Assembly was replaced in 1946 by elected parliaments.

A quote from the writer and historian Ricarda Huch from her time as senior president of the Thuringian Advisory State Assembly adorns the Parliament in Erfurt today: Anyone entering the Thuringian State Parliament through the original entrance on Arnstädter Strasse will find her words from June 12, 1946 in the foyer, which act like a dedication: "Let the state of Thuringia never again set these stars in the changing events: the law, freedom and peace."

First term

The election for the first Thuringian state parliament took place on October 20, 1946 as part of the state elections in the Soviet Zone in 1946 , and the constituent session of the new Thuringian state parliament on November 21, 1945 in the hall of the Hotel Elephant in Weimar . The state parliament passed the constitution of the state of Thuringia of December 20, 1946, in which section B contained regulations on the state parliament.

In the constituent meeting of the 100 MPs on November 21, 1946, the Presidium was elected:

In addition to the 73 plenary meetings, the committees worked:

Committee Chairman
Council of Elders (= Standing Committee) August Frölich (SED)
Rules of Procedure Committee Richard Eyermann (SED)
Economy, trade and supply Heinz Baumeister (SED), from October 1948: August Kunze (SED)
Community and county affairs Karl Hermann (SED), from May 1947: Richard Eyermann (SED), from November 1949: Paul Richter (SED)
Finance and budget August Kunze (SED), from August 1947: Friedrich Heilmann (SED)
Law Karl Hermann (SED)
youth Ernst Horn (SED)
Agriculture Karl Hamann (LDP), from January 1949: Alfred Giese (SED)
traffic Artur Steinmann (LDP), from January 1949: Curt-Christian Elster (LDP)
Culture and popular education Friedrich Schneider (LDP)
Work, health and welfare Hugo Dornhofer (CDU), from November 1947: Kurt Döbler (CDU)
Resettlers and rebuilding Karl Magen (CDU), from March 1947: Gertrud Voigt (CDU)
Application Committee Gertrud Wronka (CDU), from May 1948: Otto Brötling (CDU), from September 1948: Maria von Coelln (CDU)
Penal system Fritz Barth (SED)

The group leaders were:

The work of Parliament continued to take place under occupation conditions. Resolutions of the parliament were made subject to the approval of the SMAD. In 1947 SMAD 11, and in 1948 38 motions from parliamentary groups were forbidden by SMAD. These interventions hit the bourgeois parties, while the work of the SED was closely coordinated with the SMAD.

The parliamentary group meetings were also held under the control of SMAD and were always attended by a SMAD representative. A free discussion did not take place under these circumstances.

Second legislative term

The election for the second Thuringian state parliament took place on October 15, 1950 as part of the state elections in the GDR in 1950 . It was not a question of free elections. The deputies were determined on the basis of a single list of the National Front . The election results that have already been determined are shown in the election article.

In the constituent meeting of the 100 MPs on November 3, 1950, the presidium was elected:

In addition to the 16 plenary sessions, the committees worked:

Committee Chairman
Council of Elders (= Standing Committee) August Frölich (SED)
Rules of Procedure Committee Heinz-Herbert Förster (NDPD)
Law Friedrich Heilmann (SED)
Economy, supply and social affairs Paul Wojtkowski (FDGB, SED)
Community and county affairs Adolf Handschuhmacher (LDP)
Finance and budget Friedrich Wachtel (CDU)
Agriculture Kurt Werner (DBD)
Popular education and culture Karl Tümmler (KB, SED)
youth Günther Münch (FDJ, VVN)
Inputs Irmgard Thomas (DFD, KG, SED)
Penal system Günther Heymann (FDJ, VVN)

The group leaders were:

resolution

As early as 1949, when the GDR was founded, most of the country's institutions gave up their functions to the central state.

The constitution of the German Democratic Republic of 1949 gave the federal states significantly fewer powers than was the case in the Federal Republic. The aim (and then implemented with the abolition of the Länder) was a central state . The relationship between the republic (= GDR) and the federal states was regulated in Section VI of the constitution.

Article 111 regulated the unrestricted right of the republic to enact uniform laws in all areas. Only when there was no central government regulation did the Länder have the right to legislate. The state parliaments were thus largely deprived of the core competence of a parliament, namely legislation.

This primacy of the central state continued at the level of the state governments.

Article 116 gave the GDR government the supervision of the administration in all matters in which the republic had the right to legislate. If the laws of the republic were not implemented by the administrations of the republic, the government of the GDR was allowed to issue general instructions for the state governments and authorities. In order to enforce the requirements of the central government, it was allowed to send representatives to the executive administrations.

In 1952, the state of Thuringia was completely dissolved as part of the administrative reform in the GDR and divided into the three districts of Erfurt , Gera and Suhl . The state parliament was not involved in this dissolution. His remaining tasks were transferred to the district days .

Documents

literature

  • Martin Broszat , Gerhard Braas, Hermann Weber (eds.): SBZ manual. State administrations, parties, social organizations and their executives in the Soviet occupation zone of Germany 1945–1949. Oldenbourg, Munich 1993 (2nd edition), ISBN 3-486-55262-7 .
  • Klaus-Jürgen Winkler: The conference facilities of the regional parliaments in Thuringia - a contribution to their history of construction and use. Issue 4 of the writings on the history of parliamentarism in Thuringia, editor: Thüringer Landtag , Jena 1994, 144 pages, ISBN 3-86160-504-X

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ P. 240 in: Holger Zürch : With free people on free ground. 15 years of the Thuringian Parliament in retrospect, former MPs from the founding years in the Free State of Thuringia. Leipzig 2006, ISBN 978-3-939404-01-9 . Proof: German National Library
  2. ↑ P. 85 in: Andrea Dietrich: The Hotel Elephant in Weimar with the gourmet restaurant Anna Amalia and his star chef Marcello Fabbri. Weimar 2013, ISBN 978-3-00-043677-2
  3. ^ Constitution of the State of Thuringia
  4. ↑ SBZ manual, page 347
  5. ↑ SBZ manual, page 347
  6. ↑ SBZ manual, page 333
  7. ↑ SBZ manual, page 334
  8. ↑ SBZ manual, page 348
  9. ^ Section VI of the 1949 Constitution of the GDR.