Theodore Puck

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Theodore Thomas Puck , also Ted Puck , (born September 24, 1916 in Chicago , † November 6, 2005 in Denver ) was an American geneticist and biophysicist .

Life

Theodore Puck studied physical chemistry at the University of Chicago , where he completed his postgraduate studies with Nobel Prize winner James Franck in 1940 with a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.). During World War II , he worked in Chicago for the Commission on Airborne Infections of the Office of the Surgeon General of the Army in the laboratory of O. H. Robertson on the spread of bacterial and viral infections. After the end of the war, he worked as a post-doctoral student for one year at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in Max Delbrück 's laboratory , where he studied the initial steps involved in invading bacteriophages . In 1948 Puck went to the newly established department of biophysics at the University of Colorado Denver as director and professor, to which he belonged for his entire life. In 1962 he founded the Eleanor Roosevelt Institute for Cancer Research in Denver, which he directed until 1995.

Puck was married to Mary Hill and had three daughters. He died on November 6, 2005 as a result of a fall.

Act

In Denver, Puck continued the studies he had begun at Delbrück on the invasion of bacteriophages until 1954 , before turning to the culture of mammalian cells and the genetics of somatic cells.

Theodore Puck and colleagues established a technique that enabled comparatively effective cultivation of individual mammalian cells. A monolayer of irradiated, non-dividing feeder cells in the immediate vicinity of individual HeLa cells to be cloned was used to create an environment with the required growth factors.

In 1956 he demonstrated that a far lower dose of X-rays is necessary to destroy mammalian cells than was previously assumed. In 1957, Puck et al. Isolated CHO cells , an immortalized cell line from the ovary of the Chinese hamster, for the first time . In a comprehensive study, Puck and Joe Hin Tjio demonstrated that human cells have 46 chromosomes and identified the chromosome pairs. Tjio had published the number of 46 chromosomes as early as 1956 with Albert Levan , but comparatively few cells had been analyzed for it. This work led to the Denver classification in 1960 . Puck's group also pioneered the development of CO 2 incubators for the cultivation of animal cells. In 1967 he and Fa-Ten Kao presented a method for isolating deficiency mutants ( auxotrophic mutants) from the CHO-K1 strain after incubation with 5- bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). Further work was devoted to the effects of various mutagens , genome and chromosome mutations and chromosome mapping.

Awards (selection)

Puck was accepted into the National Academy of Sciences in 1960 and into the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1967 in recognition of his academic achievements .

Fonts (selection)

A more detailed bibliography of selected writings can be found in Patterson, 2009.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ T. Puck, J. Franck, CS French: The fluorescence of chlorophyll and photosynthesis. In: J. Phys. Chem. 45: 1268-1300.
  2. ^ David Patterson: Theodore Thomas Puck. In: National Research Council: Biographical Memoirs: V. 91 . The National Academies Press, Washington 2009, ISBN 978-0-309-14560-2 , pp. 258-283. ( Online )
  3. ↑ Jeremy Pearce: Theodore Puck, 89, Leader in Growing Cells for Research, Dies . In: The New York Times , November 14, 2005.
  4. ↑ TT Puck: A Rapid Method for Viable Cell Titration and Clone Production with HeLa Cells in Tissue Culture: The Use of X-Irradiated Cells to Supply Conditioning Factors. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 41, 1955, pp. 432-437, doi : 10.1073 / pnas.41.7.432 . PMID 16589695 , PMC 528114 (free full text).
  5. ^ TT Puck, PI Marcus, SJ Cieciura: Clonal growth of mammalian cells in vitro; growth characteristics of colonies from single HeLa cells with and without a feeder layer. In: Journal of experimental medicine . Volume 103, Number 2, February 1956, pp. 273-283. PMID 13286432 . PMC 2136583 (free full text).
  6. ^ TT Puck, PI Marcus: Action of x-rays on mammalian cells. In: Journal of experimental medicine. Volume 103, Number 5, May 1956, pp. 653-666, ISSN  0022-1007 . PMID 13319584 . PMC 2136626 (free full text).
  7. ^ HJ Tjio, TT Puck: Genetics of somatic mammalian cells. II. Chromosomal constitution of cells in tissue culture. In: Journal of experimental medicine. Volume 108, Number 2, August 1958, pp. 259-268. PMID 13563760 . PMC 2136870 (free full text).
  8. ↑ TT Puck, SJ Cieciura, A. Robinson: Genetics of somatic mammalian cells. III. Long-term cultivation of euploid cells from human and animal subjects. In: The Journal of experimental medicine. Volume 108, Number 6, December 1958, pp. 945-956. PMID 13598821 . PMC 2136918 (free full text).
  9. ↑ Joe H. Tjio, Theodore T. Puck: The somatic chromosomes of man. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . Volume 44, Number 12, December 1958, pp. 1229-1237, ISSN  0027-8424 . PMID 16590337 . PMC 528712 (free full text).
  10. ↑ Janet D. Rowley: Theodore T. Puck (September 24, 1916-November 6, 2005). In: The American Journal of Human Genetics. Volume 78, Number 3, March 2006, pp. 365-266, PMC 1380277 (free full text).
  11. ↑ Denver Conference: A proposed standard system of nomenclature of human mitotic chromosomes. In: The Lancet . Volume 1, Number 7133, May 1960, pp. 1063-1065, PMID 13857542 .
  12. ^ Patterson, p. 259.
  13. ^ RG Ham, TT Puck: A regulated incubator controlling CO2 concentration, humidity and temperature for use in animal cell culture. In: Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Volume 111, October 1962, pp. 67-71, ISSN  0037-9727 . PMID 13952252 .
  14. ^ TT Puck, FT Kao: Genetics of somatic mammalian cells. V. Treatment with 5-bromodeoxyuridine and visible light for isolation of nutritionally deficient mutants. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . Volume 58, Number 3, September 1967, pp. 1227-1234, ISSN  0027-8424 . PMID 5233843 . PMC 335772 (free full text).
  15. ↑ Reason for the award: "For development of original methods for pure culture of living mammalian cells as a basis for new research in their nutrition, growth, genetics and mutation."
  16. ^ Lasker Foundation: Award Description - Theodore Puck .
  17. ^ Columbia University Medical Center: Past Recipients of the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize
  18. ^ The American Society for Cell Biology: EB Wilson Medal
  19. ^ Patterson, p. 261.
  20. ^ American Academy of Arts & Sciences: Puck, Theodore Thomas . (PDF file; 939 kB)
  21. ↑ Patterson, pp. 279-282.
personal data
SURNAME Puck, Theodore
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Puck, Ted (short form); Puck, Theodore Thomas (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American geneticist and biophysicist
DATE OF BIRTH September 24, 1916
PLACE OF BIRTH Chicago
DATE OF DEATH November 6, 2005
Place of death Denver