Theresienthal
|
Theresienthal
City of Zwiesel
Coordinates: 49 ° 1 ′ 55 ″ N , 13 ° 13 ′ 58 ″ E
|
|
|---|---|
| Height : | 580 m |
| Postal code : | 94227 |
| Area code : | 09922 |
 Poschinger's villa from 1880, today the glass museum
|
|
Theresienthal is a district of the city of Zwiesel in the Lower Bavarian district of Regen .
location
It is located in the north of Zwiesel on the Großer Regen and on the federal road 11 . North of Theresienthal is the community for Lindberg belonging Ludwigsthal .
history
19th century
On March 26, 1836, the Bohemian glass merchant Franz Steigerwald received the concession to build a crystal hollow glass and table factory near Zwiesel. He immediately started building the two glassworks. On September 19 of the same year he was given permission to name the glassworks after Queen Therese , the wife of Ludwig I. Theresienthal, to compete with the glass manufacturers in Bohemia . In the hollow glassworks production was already taking place in the same year, work in the sheet glassworks erected south of it on the so-called Hammerfeld began in 1837. In addition to window panes, watch glass was also made there.
Before that, the upper Hilz house stood here, which had a brewery and business rights. Steigerwald acquired the entire property on January 21, 1837 and sold his property on May 1, 1837 to the stock corporation of the Krystallglasfabrik Theresiental, the first AG in Lower Bavaria. Since then, the history of the glassmaking village has been closely linked to that of the Theresienthal crystal glass factory.
Soon disagreements arose between Steigerwald and the shareholders. After Franz Steigerwald and his brother Wilhelm Steigerwald withdrew, the glass factory was initially managed by a masseur, but had to file for bankruptcy in the mid-1840s. An auction date at the Regen district court was set for March 27, 1845. On July 11, 1849, King Max II and Queen Marie visited Theresienthal. In 1857 the Royal Bank in Nuremberg bought the glassworks. In 1861 the factory with all its properties was sold by the Nürnberger Bank for 32,000 guilders to Johann Michael von Poschinger from Oberfrauenau .
The Poschinger family - successors to the Steigerwalds - managed the hut from 1861 to 1973 and helped it to grow considerably. Around 1880 Johann Michael von Poschinger ended the sheet glass production in order to be able to concentrate fully on the hollow glass production. The rise of the Theresienthal hollow glass production began in the style of historicism . Medieval-looking drinking glasses were created, in particular " Romans ", neo-renaissance goblets or richly decorated centerpieces that were based on the Baroque era. Franz Keller-Leuzinger and Rudolf von Seitz set design accents here. The Art Nouveau designs Theresienstadt valley came u. a. by Hans Christiansen or Bruno Mauder . The New Objectivity also inspired Theresienthal to create her own collection. Theresienthal's customers included Ludwig I, his son Otto , later King Ludwig II and the Prince Regent Luitpold . Crystal from Theresienthal was also very popular in other royal houses. King Albert of Saxony and Wilhelm II , King of Prussia and German Emperor, owned glasses from Theresienthal. The award went to crystal glass from Theresienthal u. a. at the general industrial exhibition in Nuremberg in 1840 , at the German industrial exhibition in Berlin (1844) and in 1867 with a bronze medal at the Paris World Exhibition .
The glassmakers mostly had a small farm. In 1870 the building, which was built as a glass washing house in 1836, was converted into a Zangl (hut inn). 50 guests sometimes showed up. The glassmakers in the Zangl only drank from their numbered glasses or glasses with their names. The building was abandoned in 1981 due to its dilapidation.
On November 11, 1873, a fire destroyed the front building of the glass factory. In 1875 Theresienthal received its own volunteer fire brigade. In 1880 the Theresienthaler Theater-Dilettanten-Verein was founded. In September 1881 the castle, now a museum castle, was built from a building used as an inn and residential building.
On May 13, 1883, the Theresienthal glassmakers founded the Theresienthal Liedertafel. This later became the Theresienthal-Zwiesel Liedertafel, and finally the Zwiesel Liedertafel. In 1883 a fire broke out in the carpenter's shop and caused great damage in the lower new building. The loop burned down between 1890 and 1900, but was immediately rebuilt and expanded.
In 1899, the Theresienthal workforce built the Theresienthal glassmaker's chapel on the Kellerberg. It was consecrated on August 21, 1899. To preserve it, the Theresienthalers founded the Association for the Preservation of the Rotkotkapelle near Theresienthal on May 6, 1904.
The 20th century
Around 1900 a gymnastics club, a pipe club and a bicycle club were founded, which no longer exist. In 1918 a war memorial was erected for the 25 fallen soldiers of the First World War.
The glass houses belonging to the hut only came from the municipality of Lindberg to the city of Zwiesel through a RE by the government of Lower Bavaria on May 12, 1925 . Also in 1925, the Theresienthal volunteer fire brigade celebrated its 50th anniversary with a flag consecration. The hurricane of July 4, 1929 destroyed all windows and covered or damaged all roofs.
In 1937, again in Paris , Theresienthal won the highest award given at world exhibitions, the Médaille d'Or , with a glass service . After the Second World War, the war memorial was supplemented with two additional columns. On them are the names of the 25 fallen or missing persons. For a long time the social heart of Theresienthal was the tin shack, which served as a canteen, warehouse and for social events. It was badly damaged in the snow disaster in 2006 and later demolished.
Max Gangkofner, who entered the hut in 1963 and took over the Theresienthal glassworks in 1973, set up the Theresienthal Glass Museum in the castle in 1975. In 1982 the Hutschenreuther company acquired the Theresienthal glass factory. In 1982 about 200 people were employed in the hut. For the 100th anniversary of the glassmaker's band in 1999, the Theresienthal glassmakers produced unique historical items from the royal collection.
Foreign clients of Theresienthal were: Graham & Zenger in New York, Thomas Goode & Cie., Henry Mayer & Cie. and Lazarus Rosenheer in London, Ibach & Croce in Naples, G. Zernollin in Paris, Frostmann & Spunde in Riga, Wessel in Rome and Lobmeyr in Vienna. In the late 20th century, customers included Tiffany in New York, Selfridges in London and numerous Japanese customers.
Theresienthal fell into a crisis at the end of the 20th century. In 1997 Hutschenreuther sold the company, followed by a few more investors, who remained unsuccessful.
The 21st century
In 2000 and again in 2001, the glassworks had to file for bankruptcy and production had to be stopped. In 2003 the hut ensemble was placed under monument protection. In August 2004 the hut was reopened under the project sponsorship of the Eberhard von Kuenheim Foundation . The glassworks have been producing again since 2004.
Since April 2006, the glassworks has been in the possession of a Bavarian forest resident again: Max Freiherr von Schnurbein - born in Zwiesel - became the new managing director and majority shareholder of the crystal glass manufacturer Theresienthal GmbH . The Theresienthal Foundation held a minority share in the manufacture until the end of 2010. The collection is based on the great epochs and creative phases of Theresienthal. Forms from Biedermeier, Historicism, Art Nouveau and New Objectivity are adapted to today's needs. Much of the collection is now being developed from scratch by contemporary designers. In the first few years after the restart, the Hamburg design experts Kuball & Kempe acted as creative directors of the new Theresienthal brand. In addition to Kuball & Kempe, the Theresienthal crystal glass manufacturer is currently working with the designers Jens Denecke (Hamburg), Matthias Gangkofner (Munich), Christian Haas (Paris), Gottfried Palatin (Vienna) and Hermann August Weizenegger (Berlin).
At the turn of 2008/2009 a fire broke out in the former Theresienthal glassworks. Great damage was caused to the stored equipment and vehicles.
literature
- St. Buse, Römer from Theresienthal, Volume 1, reprints from price lists from around 1890, 1903 and 1907, Gifhorn 2007
- St. Buse, Römer from Theresienthal, Volume 2, reprint of a price list from approx. 1840, Gifhorn 2008
- St. Buse, Römer from Theresienthal, Volume 3, reprints of price lists between 1870 and 1882, Gifhorn 2009
- The Bohemian Glass 1700-1950 (edited by Georg Höltl), Volume III Historicism, Volume V Art Nouveau in Bavaria and Silesia, Passau.
- Dering, Florian (ed.), Das Münchner Kindl, a coat of arms figure goes its own way, Munich 1999
- E. Gropplero di Troppenburg, The Bavarian glass of historicism depicted at the Theresienthal hut; Decorative Arts and Art Theory in the 19th Century, Munich 1988
- Christoph Glaser and Dominik Wessely : Business instead of omission - From an unusual rescue of a traditional company, Berlin 2006
- M. Gümbel, Theresienthaler glasses delighted emperors and kings, in: Charivari February 1983 (No. 1, 1983), page 17ff.
- Christian Jentsch, light and intoxication, wine glasses from four centuries, Vienna 2004
- Eberhard von Kuenheim Foundation (et al. Publisher), Theresienthal, Munich 2005
- GH Merker, Glaswelt Ostbayern. Contemporary drinking glasses, 1987
- D. Struss, drinking glasses from the late Middle Ages to early modern times; Augsburg 1998
- A.-E. Theuerkauff-Liederwald, Der Römer, Studien zu einer Glasform, in: Journal of Glass Studies, 10, 1968, pp. 114–155 and 11, 1969, pp. 43–69.
- K.-W. Warthorst, Die Glasfabrik Theresienthal, Freiburg 1996
- Marita Haller, Gerhard Pscheidt: Theresienthal in old photos. Bavarian-Bohemian glassworks history , Ohetaler Verlag, Riedlhütte 2008, ISBN 978-3-937067-90-2
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ General Gazette for the Kingdom of Bavaria: Judicial and Police Announcements, Volume 13, Nro. 15, 1845, pp. 170f; online in the google book search
Offshoot | Bärnzell | Glasberg | Griesbach | Innenried | Klautzenbach | Lichtenthal | Rabenstein | Theresienthal | Zwiesel | Zwieselberg