Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds

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Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds
Coat of arms of Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds

Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds KG ( February 20, 1631 - July 26, 1712 ) was an English statesman.

Life

Thomas Osborne was the son of Sir Edward Osborne, 1st Baronet , from his second marriage to Anne Walmesley. In 1647 he inherited his father as 2nd Baronet , of Kiveton in the County of York .

1661 he was High Sheriff of Yorkshire , and in 1665 he was appointed as a deputy for the Borough York into the English House of Commons voted. He served as Treasurer of the Navy from 1668 to 1673 and held the office of Lord High Treasurer from 1673 to 1679 . Osborne was one of the main pillars of King Charles II , who did not return to the throne until 1660 after the Commonwealth of England . The king raised him on February 2, 1673 in the Peerage of Scotland to Viscount Osburne , of Dunblane in the County of Perth , whereby he was also a member of the Scottish Parliament . In August 1783 he renounced this title in favor of his second surviving son Peregrine and on August 15, 1673 in the Peerage of England to Baron Osborne , of Kiveton in the County of York, whereby he resigned from the House of Commons and a seat in English House of Lords received. In the Peerage of England, the king also elevated him to Viscount Latimer , of Danby in the County of York on August 15, 1673 , and Earl of Danby , in the County of York on June 27, 1674 . In 1675 Osborne was accepted into the Order of the Garter as a Knight Companion .

As an administrative specialist, Osborne tried in particular to establish an alliance between the king and the Anglican Church . In the House of Commons he bribed and promoted loyal MPs to create a strong loyal parliamentary group that opposed the land party led by Anthony Ashley Cooper . From this court party the Tories developed , whose founder Osborne can be considered.

Osborne fell because of his contradicting foreign policy: On the one hand, he tried to forge an alliance against France by joining the later Maria II with Wilhelm III. married from Orange . At the same time, however, he negotiated for Charles II on his will and against his own conviction with France for the payment of subsidies . His political enemies exposed these secret negotiations, whereupon Osborne came under great political pressure. Even a dissolution of parliament, with which Karl tried to protect his Lord High Treasurer in 1678, could not prevent Osborne from being charged with high treason . In 1679 he had to give up his office and was imprisoned in the Tower of London until 1684 .

In 1688 Osborne was one of the seven signatories of the invitation, on the basis of which Wilhelm III. was asked by Orange to intervene in England, which eventually led to his elevation to the rank of King of England. Under King Wilhelm, Osborne once again gained political influence. This appointed him 1689 Lord President of the Privy Council and raised him on April 9, 1689 to the Marquess of Carmarthen and on March 4, 1694 to the Duke of Leeds . In 1695 he was charged again by the House of Commons, on charges of being bribed by the East India Company . Although the lawsuit was eventually dropped, its influence has since waned. In 1699 he resigned from his public offices.

Marriage and offspring

In 1651 he married Lady Bridget Bertie, daughter of Montagu Bertie, 2nd Earl of Lindsey . With her he had nine children, seven of whom survived childhood:

  • Edward Osborne, Viscount Latimer (around 1655–1689), MP, ⚭ 1676 Elizabeth Bennet (1659–1680);
  • Peregrine Osborne, 2nd Duke of Leeds (around 1659–1729) ⚭ 1682 Bridget Hyde;
  • Lady Anne Osborne, ⚭ (1) Robert Coke, of Holkham († 1679), ⚭ (2) Horatio Walpole († 1717);
  • Lady Bridget Osborne († 1718), ⚭ (1) 1678 Charles FitzCharles, 1st Earl of Plymouth , ⚭ (2) 1704 Philip Bisse, Bishop of Hereford ;
  • Lady Catherine Osborne ⚭ James Herbert, of Kingsley;
  • Lady Martha Osborne (around 1664–1689), ⚭ 1678 Charles Granville, 2nd Earl of Bath ;
  • Lady Sophia Osborne († 1746), ⚭ (1) Donough O'Brien, Lord O'Brien, grandson and heir of Henry O'Brien, 6th Earl of Thomond , ⚭ (2) 1692 William Fermor, 1st Baron Leominster .

literature

Web links

Commons : Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files
predecessor Office successor
Edward Osborne Baronet, of Kiveton
1647-1712 		Peregrine Osborne
New title created Viscount Osburne
1673 		Peregrine Osborne
New title created Baron Osborne
1673-1690 		Peregrine Osborne
New title created Viscount Latimer
1673-1712 		Peregrine Osborne
New title created Earl of Danby
1674-1712 		Peregrine Osborne
New title created Marquess of Carmarthen
1689-1712 		Peregrine Osborne
New title created Duke of Leeds
1694-1712 		Peregrine Osborne
Arthur Annesley Treasurer of the Navy
1668-1673 		Edward Seymour
Thomas Clifford Lord High Treasurer
1673–1679 		Arthur Capell
Robert Spencer Lord President of the Council
1689-1699 		Thomas Herbert
Marmaduke Langdale Governor of Kingston-upon-Hull
1689–1699 		John Holles
personal data
SURNAME Osborne, Thomas, 1st Duke of Leeds
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Osborne, Sir Thomas, 2nd Baronet; Osborne, Thomas, Earl of Danby
BRIEF DESCRIPTION English statesman
DATE OF BIRTH February 20, 1631
DATE OF DEATH July 26, 1712