Thorium (IV) chloride

Crystal structure
	__ Th 4+ __ Cl -
Crystal system	tetragonal
Space group	I 4 1 / amd (No. 141)
Lattice parameters	a = 847.3 pm ; c = 746.8 pm
General
Surname	Thorium (IV) chloride
other names	Thorium tetrachloride
Ratio formula	ThCl 4
Brief description	white solid
External identifiers / databases
EC number	233-056-1
ECHA InfoCard	100.030.039
PubChem	66209
Wikidata	Q2313787
properties
Molar mass	373.85 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
density	4.6 g cm −3
Melting point	770 ° C
boiling point	921 ° C
solubility	easily soluble in water; soluble in ethanol;
Hazard and safety information
	; Radioactive
GHS hazard labeling ; no classification available
GHS hazard labeling ; no classification available
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Thorium (IV) chloride is an inorganic chemical compound of thorium from the group of chlorides .

Extraction and presentation

Thorium (IV) chloride can be obtained by chlorinating thorium (IV) oxalate with a mixture of carbon dioxide and carbon tetrachloride .

It is also possible to display it by reacting thorium (IV) oxide with carbon and chlorine or with carbon tetrachloride.

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {ThO_ {2} +2 \ C + 2 \ Cl_ {2} \ longrightarrow ThCl_ {4} +2 \ CO}}

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {ThO_ {2} +2 \ CCl_ {4} \ longrightarrow ThCl_ {4} +2 \ COCl_ {2}}}

A number of other syntheses are known. For example, the manufacture from the elements, the reaction of thorium (IV) hydride with hydrogen chloride or thorium with ammonium chloride .

The hydrate which crystallises out of aqueous solutions can be converted into the anhydrate with the help of thionyl chloride .

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {ThCl_ {4} \ cdot 8H_ {2} O + 8 \ SOCl \ longrightarrow ThCl_ {4} +8 \ SO_ {2} +16 \ HCl}}

properties

Thorium (IV) chloride is a white, hygroscopic , crystalline solid that can be obtained in the form of large needles by sublimation . It is easily soluble in water and has a tetragonal crystal structure with the space group I 4 ₁ / amd (space group no.141 ) and the lattice parameters a = 847.3 pm, c = 746.8 pm, which is isotypic with that of uranium ( IV) chloride . It occurs above 405 ° C in a further modification, which also has a tetragonal crystal structure and is metastable even below 405 ° C when cooled. Thorium chloride reacts with a number of oxygen-containing organic compounds. The hydrate decomposes to basic chlorides when heated above 100 ° C. In addition to the octahydrate, other hydrates of the compound are known. Template: room group / 141

use

Thorium (IV) chloride is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of thorium. This was already done when Berzelius discovered thorium by reducing it with potassium .

Individual evidence

^ ^A ^b ^c R. CL Mooney: “The Crystal Structure of ThCl ₄ and UCl ₄ ”, in: Acta Crystallographica , 1949 , 2 , pp. 189-191 ( doi: 10.1107 / S0365110X49000485 ).

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Georg Brauer (Ed.), With the collaboration of Marianne Baudler u. a .: Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd, revised edition. Volume I, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1975, ISBN 3-432-02328-6 , p. 1136.

^ William M. Haynes: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 93rd Edition . CRC Press, 2012, ISBN 978-1-4398-8049-4 , pp. 50 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

↑ The hazards emanating from radioactivity do not belong to the properties to be classified according to the GHS labeling. With regard to other hazards, this substance has either not yet been classified or a reliable and citable source has not yet been found.

^ ^A ^b ^c ^d Lester R. Morss, Norman M. Edelstein, J. Fuger: The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (Set Vol.1-6) . Springer, 2010, ISBN 978-94-007-0211-0 , pp. 80 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

↑ G. Jantsch, W. Urbach: About connections of the thorium. I. About addition and substitution compounds of thorium chloride. In: Helvetica Chimica Acta. 2, 1919, pp. 490-500, doi: 10.1002 / hlca . 19190020152 .

↑ A. Rosenheim, V. Samter, J. Davidsohn: About connections of the thorium. In: Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 35, 1903, pp. 424-453, doi: 10.1002 / zaac.19030350157 .

^ C. Parameshwara Murthy: University Chemistry . New Age International, 2008, ISBN 978-81-224-0955-0 , pp. 69 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

↑ Dr. BK Sharma: Nuclear and Radiation Chemistry . 7th edition. 2001, ISBN 81-85842-63-9 , pp. 158 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[Mooney-1] A ^b ^c R. CL Mooney: “The Crystal Structure of ThCl ₄ and UCl ₄ ”, in: Acta Crystallographica , 1949 , 2 , pp. 189-191 ( doi: 10.1107 / S0365110X49000485 ).

[brauer-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Georg Brauer (Ed.), With the collaboration of Marianne Baudler u. a .: Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd, revised edition. Volume I, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1975, ISBN 3-432-02328-6 , p. 1136.

[William_M._Haynes-3] William M. Haynes: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 93rd Edition . CRC Press, 2012, ISBN 978-1-4398-8049-4 , pp. 50 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[NV-4] The hazards emanating from radioactivity do not belong to the properties to be classified according to the GHS labeling. With regard to other hazards, this substance has either not yet been classified or a reliable and citable source has not yet been found.

[Lester_R._Morss,_Norman_M._Edelstein,_J._Fuger-5] A ^b ^c ^d Lester R. Morss, Norman M. Edelstein, J. Fuger: The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (Set Vol.1-6) . Springer, 2010, ISBN 978-94-007-0211-0 , pp. 80 ( limited preview in Google Book search).