Tile Kolup
Tile Kolup († July 7, 1285 in Wetzlar ), also known as Dietrich Holzschuh , was an impostor who pretended to be Emperor Friedrich II , who died in 1250 .
Life path
Tile Kolup took advantage of the popular belief in the return of the emperor and first raised the claim in Cologne in 1284 that he was in reality rex Fridericus . Here, however, he was exposed to the mockery of the people, dipped into a sewer and chased out of the city.
The fraudster, who issued his own documents with a forged seal of Frederick II, found strong support in Neuss - well over a year - and held court there, although the origin of the necessary funds is unclear. He received lords and legates, bishops and princes, issued documents and confirmed privileges (for example the abbess to eat). The rightful King Rudolf von Habsburg , to whose opponent Kolup cleverly joined, besieged this city in vain.
When the unrest got worse, Tile Kolup evaded to Wetzlar in the summer of 1285 . When King Rudolf and the Archbishop of Cologne marched with their armies before Wetzlar, the Wetzlarer Tile Kolup handed over to the rightful king. He had him burned as a heretic on July 7, 1285 .
consequences
The criticism of Rudolf's sober, pragmatic method of government and his demands for money in the cities (especially in Rhineland, Hesse, Alsace, Wetterau, Switzerland) found a drastic expression in Tile Kolup's temporary success. After this experience, Rudolf von Habsburg treated the cities differently and in 1290 called their representatives to Nuremberg, where he discussed the imperial finances with them.
Literary treatments
- Alexander von Gleichen-Sootworm : Tile Kolup. An incident from the Interregnum. Mosaik Verlag, Berlin 1923.
- Emanuel Stickelberger : Tile Kolup. A beggar comedy in 12 pictures. Steinkopf, Stuttgart 1934.
- Heinrich Lilienfein : Tile Kolup. The tragedy of an emperor in four acts. Cotta, Stuttgart 1935.
- Frieda Löhrer: Tile Kolup. Drama. Self-published, Teufen (Appenzell) 1954.
- Ingeborg Engelhardt : In the shadow of the Staufer. K. Thienemann, Stuttgart 1962 (reprinted several times).
- Tilman Röhrig : Like a lamb among lions. Novel. Lübbe, Bergisch Gladbach 1998, ISBN 3-7857-0955-2 .
- Frank Kurella: The parchment of death. Historical novel. Gmeiner, Meßkirch 2007, ISBN 978-3-89977-722-2 .
literature
- Alfred Haverkamp : Dietrich wooden shoe. In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages . Volume 3: Codex Wintoniensis to Education. et al., Stuttgart et al. 1986, ISBN 3-7608-8903-4 , Sp. 1036-1037.
- Gerhard Kallen : Tile Kolup. A false emperor Friedrich II. In: Neuss yearbook for art, cultural history and local history. Vol. 13, 1968, ISSN 0077-7862 , pp. 9-12.
- Albert Petry: The wrong Friedrich, called Tile Kolup. In: Journal of the Bergisches Geschichtsverein . Vol. 2, 1865, pp. 339-357 .
- Alexander Schubert : Expectation of salvation and belief in return. In: Alfried Wieczorek , Bernd Schneidmüller , Stefan Weinfurter (eds.): The Staufers and Italy. Three regions of innovation in medieval Europe. Volume 1: Essays (= publications of the Reiss-Engelhorn-Museums. Volume 37). License issue. Theiss, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-8062-2366-8 , pp. 33-38.
- Rainer Christoph Schwinges : Constitution and collective behavior. On the mentality of the success of false rulers in the empire of the 13th and 14th centuries. In: František Graus (Ed.): Mentalities in the Middle Ages. Methodological and content-related problems (= Constance working group for medieval history. Lectures and research. Vol. 35). Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1987, ISBN 3-7995-6635-X , pp. 177-202.
- Tilman Struve : The false peace and longing for peace of the people in the late Middle Ages. In: Forgeries in the Middle Ages. International Congress of Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Munich, 16. – 19. September 1986. Volume 1: Congress dates and keynote speeches, literature and forgery (= Monumenta Germaniae Historica . Schriften. Vol. 33, 1). Hahn, Hannover 1988, ISBN 3-7752-5156-1 , pp. 317-337.
- Eduard Winkelmann : Dietrich Holzschuh . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 15, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1882, p. 792 f.
- Eduard Winkelmann: Tile Kolup . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 16, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1882, p. 497.
- Eckart zur Nieden : The false emperor. A medieval novel , St. Benno Verlag, Leipzig 2019, ISBN 978-3-7462-5466-1 .
Remarks
- ↑ ADB . Volume 16. 1882, p. 497.
- ^ Karl Bosl , Günther Franz , Hanns Hubert Hofmann : Biographical dictionary on German history. Volume 3: S - Z, index to the complete works. 2nd, completely revised and greatly expanded edition. Francke, Munich 1975, ISBN 3-7720-1104-7 , p. 2910.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Kolup, Tile |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Holzschuh, Dietrich |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German impostor |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 13th Century |
| DATE OF DEATH | July 7, 1285 |
| Place of death | Wetzlar |