Tolstoy (noble family)
The Tolstois ( Russian Толсты́е ) are a well-known Russian count family .
history
According to a non-verifiable family legend, the family goes back to Indris, a Lithuanian nobleman whose family is said to have come from the Holy Roman Empire . In the middle of the 14th century he is said to have moved to Chernihiv , converted to the Russian Orthodox faith and adopted the name Leonti. His great-grandson Andrei Kharitonovich is said to have moved from Chernihiv to Moscow in the 15th century and there from Grand Duke Vasily III. the nickname Tolstoy (from "tolstyj" / "то́лстый", Russian for "thick", so roughly "thicker") received.
One of his descendants, the statesman Pyotr Andreevich Tolstoy (1645–1729), served at the Tsar's court under Peter the Great . He got it to high state posts and was the tsar's ambassador in Constantinople from 1710 to 1713 . In 1717 he was involved in the arrest and conviction of the rebellious son of Peter the Great, Tsarevich Alexei . This earned him the title of count in 1724 . In 1727, however, after the coronation of Peter II , Alexei's son, the latter took revenge on Tolstoy by depriving him of the title of nobility and banishing him to the Solovetsky monastery , where he died two years later.
In 1760 Elisabeth Petrovna rehabilitated the Tolstoy and gave Peter Andreevich's grandson, Andrei Ivanovich Tolstoy, the great-grandfather of the poet Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy , the title and part of the estate back. However, since this property had to be shared by nine Andreis siblings and all of their children, the Tolstoy family belonged to the poorer aristocratic families in Russia at that time . Only some of the descendants of Andrei Ivanovich were able to improve their material situation later by marrying them into richer families.
The Tolstoy estates were spread over several governorates in central Russia, including Tula , Kursk and Oryol . One of the most famous of these is Yasnaya Polyana near the city of Tula to this day .
Known representatives (selection)
- Pyotr Andrejewitsch Tolstoy (around 1646–1728), statesman
- Fyodor Ivanovich Tolstoy (1782–1846) by the nickname American ; Great-great-grandson of Pyotr Andreevich
- Fyodor Petrovich Tolstoy (1783–1873), artist; Cousin of Fyodor Ivanovich
- Ivan Matwejewitsch Tolstoy (1806–1867), Russian statesman
- Dmitri Andrejewitsch Tolstoy (1823–1889), Russian historian and Minister of the Interior
- Dmitri Ivanovich Tolstoy (1860–1941), Russian art historian and museum director of the Hermitage
- Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy (1828–1910), writer
- Alexei Konstantinowitsch Tolstoy (1817–1875), writer
- Ekaterina Fyodorovna Tolstaya (1843–1913), painter and writer
- Ivan Iwanowitsch Tolstoy (1858–1916), Russian statesman
- Alexei Nikolajewitsch Tolstoy (1883–1945), writer
- Nikita Ilyich Tolstoy (1923–1996), Serbian-Russian linguist, Slavist and university professor
- Andrei Wladimirowitsch Tolstoy (1956–2016), art historian
- Tatjana Nikititschna Tolstaja (* 1951), writer
literature
- SMTolstoj: Drevo žizni. Tolstoj i Tolstye. Moscow 2002
Individual evidence
- ↑ Alexej Michejew What the name of the writer says ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . In: RUSSIA BEYOND THE HEADLINES , September 11, 2014. Accessed September 16, 2014.
