Tozkoye Vtoroye
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Tozkoje Wtoroje
Тоцкое Второе
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Tozkoje Wtoroje ( Russian То́цкое Второ́е ) is a military settlement , officially a village (selo) in Orenburg Oblast ( Russia ) with 13,197 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010).
geography
The place is located in the steppe area between the Volga and the southern Urals , about 180 km as the crow flies northwest of the Orenburg Oblast Administrative Center , on the right bank of the Volga tributary Samara .
Tozkoye Wtoroje belongs to the Tozkoye Rajon and is located five kilometers northeast of its administrative center Tozkoye . Tozkoye Wtoroje , sometimes also spelled Tozkoye-2 , stands in Russian for "Second Tozkoye", referring to the name of the nearby village and administrative center. The name Tozkoje itself is the Russian adjective form of the river name Tok (the Tok flows into the Samara 30 km downstream).
history
The history of the place begins with the emergence of the village Tozkoye, initially as a " fortress ", which was founded in 1736 as one of the first Russian settlements in the Orenburg region near what was then the southern border of the Russian Empire with the Central Asian steppe areas. A 40-meter-high observation tower was erected on Petrowskaya Shishka Mountain in the north, not far from today's town. The fortress lost its military importance after a few years and the place became an ordinary village. But even during the reign of Tsarina Catherine II in the 1780s to 1790s, the Russian Army held summer exercises again in the area ; In 1812 Cossack units were set up here for use in the "Patriotic War" against Napoleon .
During the Russo-Japanese War , a permanent garrison was established in 1904 , which also played an important role in the First World War .
From March 1915 a prisoner of war camp for up to 25,000 prisoners of the Central Powers was built near the barracks . In unsuitable for the winter barracks one broke typhoid fever - epidemic , which demanded to March 1916 17.000 fatalities.
During the Russian Civil War , Vasily Chapayev set up his division in the Tozkoye camp.
Even in the Soviet period, the area remained a military training area, mainly for artillery ; today's Tozkoye Wtoroje arose as a garrison town . On September 14, 1954, a few kilometers north of the village, exercises were carried out that involved detonating an atomic bomb above ground . Since May 6, 1991 from in Tozkoje Wtoroje Germany returned 27 Motorized Rifle - Division of the Russian Army (transformed into the 2009 21 Guards Motorized Rifle Brigade ) stationed.
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 2002 | 17,521 |
| 2010 | 13,197 |
Note: census data
Economy and Infrastructure
The economy of Tozkoye Wtoroje is geared towards supplying the army units stationed there.
Four kilometers to the south is the Tozkaja station on the Samara - Orenburg - Kazakhstan railway line (line kilometer 1319 from Moscow ), which is operated by the Southern Urals Railway . Another three kilometers south of the branch of the M5 trunk road (formerly R224 ) leads to Orenburg . The Tozkoye military airfield , located not far from the train station, has only been used to a small extent for military helicopter operations since the fighter regiments previously stationed there were dissolved in the 1990s.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ^ Elsa Brändström : "Among prisoners of war in Russia and Siberia 1914/1920" Berlin 1927 pp. 82–85
- ↑ Notes on the story on the official website of Tozkoye Raion (Russian)