Grape burdock

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Grape burdock
Illustration: Grape burdock (Tragus racemosus) right; left: dog tooth grass (Cynodon dactylon)

Illustration: Grape burdock ( Tragus racemosus ) right; left: dog tooth grass ( Cynodon dactylon )

Systematics
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Subfamily : Chloridoideae
Tribe : Cynodonteae
Genre : Burdock grass ( tragus )
Type : Grape burdock
Scientific name
Tragus racemosus
( L. ) All.

The grape burdock ( Tragus racemosus ) is a species of burdock grass ( tragus ) in the subfamily Chloridoideae within the sweet grass family (Poaceae). It is a neophyte in many areas of the world .

description

The grape burdock grows as an annual herbaceous plant and reaches stature heights of usually 10 to 35, rarely up to 50 cm. The low-lying to ascending stalks are branched and roots are formed at the nodes. The alternately arranged leaves are divided into leaf sheath and leaf blade. The leaf sheath is bulbous. The ligule is formed as a fringe of hair. The simple, leathery leaf blade is flat and the leaf margin is hairy.

Panicle

In a contracted, spike-shaped, paniculate inflorescence , three to eight 3.5 to 5.2 mm long stalked spikelets stand together. The lower glume is 1 mm wide and triangular in length and the upper is acuminate, leathery, seven-veined with conspicuous hooked spines on the nerves.

The flowering period is June to September.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 40.

ecology

In the grape burdock, only some of the spikelets are fertile, but the others are used for the Velcro spread ( epichory ). The bristles get caught in the fur of animals.

Grape burdock ( tragus racemosus )

Occurrence

The original distribution area of ​​the grape burdock reaches from Europe to Central Asia and from tropical and southern Africa to Pakistan. The grape burdock is a subtropical plant that may come from the African or Indian savanna region. In Europe northwards to Brittany, upper Rhone valley, southern edge of the Alps, Marchfeld; naturalized in places north of the Alps. Mediterranean area, Middle East, Africa, otherwise in warmer areas worldwide. It is very rarely found in “weed” stocks, especially at loading stations and in port facilities through which wool is handled. The ripe spikelets of the burdock grass get stuck in the fur of animals and are thus spread out. After Central Europe, the grass was therefore mostly brought in with wool, for example into the Rhine Valley between Karlsruhe and Bingen. It has recently appeared there much less often - possibly due to the decline in the textile industry.

The grape burdock thrives on loose, mostly sandy and always nutrient-rich, summer-warm, humus-poor soil . It endures temporary drought. It grows in Central Europe in societies of the associations Salsolion, Eragrostion or Polygonion avicularis.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Tragus racemosus (L.) All., Traubiges Klettengras. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ Peter Schönfelder , Ingrid Schönfelder: The new cosmos Mediterranean flora. Franckh Kosmos Verlag Stuttgart 2008. ISBN 978-3-440-10742-3 . P. 410.
  3. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 262.
  4. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Tragus racemosus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved November 18, 2016.

literature

  • Siegmund Seybold : The flora of Germany and the neighboring countries. A book for identifying all wild and frequently cultivated vascular plants . Founded by Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen . 95th completely revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01498-2 .
  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). 2nd corrected and enlarged edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 7 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclasses Alismatidae, Liliidae part 1, Commelinidae part 1): Butomaceae to Poaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1998, ISBN 3-8001-3316-4 (Volume 7).
  • Hans Joachim Conert: Parey's grass book. Recognize and determine the grasses of Germany . Parey, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-8263-3327-6 .

Web links

Commons : Sessile burdock ( Tragus racemosus )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files