Breakthrough (mining)
As a breakdown in the production is called a pit construction in mining the planned or unplanned achievement of another pit construction. A breakthrough creates an open connection between two mine structures.
Basics
A breakthrough occurs when two underground rooms meet. This meeting brings together two sites or pit structures. The term “penetrate” means getting into a dismantled space. At the breakthrough point, the main location of a tunnel and a counter location meet. The point at which a crosscut leads from one tunnel into another mine is also known as the breakthrough. The point at which the breakdown occurs is called the breakdown point or breakdown location. The determination of this point is carried out by means of mine-separatory measurements .
Types and reasons for a breakdown
Breakthroughs occur either when two horizontal pits meet or when a more secular pit meets a horizontal pit. There are three main reasons for creating a carbon copy:
- Improvement of the ventilation
- Solving of state water
- An old man's punctuation
Improving ventilation is one of the main reasons for creating a breakthrough. In early mining, the miner was mainly dependent on natural ventilation. The outgassing from the mountains and the extraction of the ores by means of fire made the weather so bad that even short stretches and tunnels did not have enough fresh weather. For this reason, light holes were made at certain intervals to improve ventilation. The miner called the carbon copies made for this "breakdown due to light and weather".
When driving a tunnel or a track, the miner may encounter a water bubble. So that this area can be explored safely, the size of the water bubble is roughly determined through previous examinations. This was very difficult to do in early mining. Here the miner had to pay attention to the noise of the water, and he also had to see whether there was an inlet to the underground water bubble. The location of the water bubble was explored by means of test drilling, and it was important that at least one pool of rock was present as a protective wall in front of the water pool. The miner called a breakthrough to dissolve standing water "breakthrough because of water".
The breakthrough on the old man serves to penetrate a pit that has already been thrown in order to mine the mineral resources behind it .
Problems
Problems can often arise when creating a carbon copy.
Creating a breakthrough to dissolve standing water is particularly problematic. The pressure on the surrounding rock is often very high, especially when there is large accumulation of water. In such a case, if the rock layer is not strong enough because the rock is very fragile, or if the miner has weakened the rock layer between the open section and the water accumulation so much that it can no longer withstand the pressure, the face breaks into the free cross-section of the route. The miners can be seriously injured by rocks flying around or by the water suddenly flowing in if they cannot get to safety quickly enough. Further problems can arise when drilling into the water collection, especially with softer rock the borehole can be greatly enlarged by the outflowing water.
When a breakthrough hits an old man, it is often necessary to remove large amounts of broken mountains . Large amounts of dull weather can also have accumulated in the old man .
The precise meeting of the two places is problematic. Although the breakdown point is determined by mine-separating measurements, deviations can occur due to measurement inaccuracies. Especially in the early mining, than the Markscheider had only simple tools such Maßschnur and compass, it happened often that the actual breakdown deviated from the prescribed and calculated breakdown point. Light holes were often next to the tunnel. This was due on the one hand to the imprecise measurement methods and calculations, and on the other hand to the inaccuracy of the approach. Thus the depths of light holes, this resulted in the tunnel, the light holes were often referred to as awakening created by underground to the surface.
Individual evidence
- ^ Walter Bischoff , Heinz Bramann, Westfälische Berggewerkschaftskasse Bochum: The small mining dictionary. 7th edition, Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen 1988, ISBN 3-7739-0501-7 .
- ^ A b Heinrich Veith: German mountain dictionary with evidence. Published by Wilhelm Gottlieb Korn, Breslau 1871
- ↑ Explanatory dictionary of technical terms and foreign words used in mining, metallurgy and salt works. Falkenberg'schen Buchhandlung publishing house, Burgsteinfurt 1869.
- ^ A b Johann Gottfried Jugel (ed.): Geometria Subterranea. New improved edition, bookseller Johann Paul Kraus, Vienna 1773
- ↑ Mining dictionary . Bey Johann Christoph Stößel, Chemnitz 1778.
