Tyszkiewicz Palace (Warsaw)
| Tyszkiewicz Palace | ||
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 Side facade |
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| Creation time : | 1785 | |
| Castle type : | Palace | |
| Conservation status: | Reconstructed | |
| Place: | Warsaw | |
| Geographical location | 52 ° 14 '26.5 " N , 21 ° 1' 0.1" E | |
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The Tyszkiewicz Palace (also called Tyszkiewicz – Potocki Palace ; Polish: Pałac Tyszkiewiczów ) is one of the most important palaces in the classicist style in Warsaw . It is located on the historic part of the Royal Route at Krakowskie Przedmieście (No. 32) in the inner city district and borders the Uruski Palace, which belongs to the university . On the north side - set back - there is a monastery complex of the Visiting Sisters with the Church for the Protection of St. Joseph (Polish: Kościół Opieki św. Józefa ). The Tyszkiewicz Palace, originally a magnate 's residence, is now used by various faculties of the University of Warsaw and as a university museum.
history
Originally the property was owned by the Radziejowski family, who owned a manor house here in the 16th century. The present palace was built in stages for the Lithuanian hetman Ludwik Tyszkiewicz, a brother-in-law of King Stanislaus II August Poniatowski . Between 1785 and 1786 the basement and ground floor were built according to a design by Stanisław Zawadzki . However, the builder was unable to keep to the schedule specified in the contract. Due to disputes between the client and his architect, Johann Christian Kamsetzer was commissioned to continue the construction from 1786 . He completed the missing floors by 1892.
The interiors were carried out by the plasterers Paolo Casasopra, Giuseppe Amadio and Johann Michael Graff according to designs by Kamsetzer . Józef Probst, Giuseppe Borghi, Johann Duldt and Warwzyniec Jasiński were also involved in the interior design. The atlases at the front created André Le Brun in collaboration with Giacomo Contieri in 1787. Other stone carvings come from Ludwik Kaufman.
The writer Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz lived in the palace for a time in the 18th century .
Under the Potockis
After Tyszkiewicz's death, the palace passed to his daughter Anna in 1808. Under Friedrich Albert Lessel , a new adjoining building ( Offizin ) and associated a courtyard gate on the northern front in neo-renaissance style were built in 1821 and 1822 . Presumably at this time, a cartouche with the coat of arms of the Potockis was mounted in the middle of the front facade of the building between two lying lions.
In 1840 Anna Potocka's (née Tyszkiewicz) eldest son, August Potocki, took over the property. In 1867 it came to his brother Maurycy and from him to his son, the fun-loving August Potocki, who was commonly known as "Count Gucio". Enrico Marconi added an orangery , coach houses and a royal stables around the courtyard from 1841 to 1846 . Also in 1841 he redesigned the interior of the ground floor with the help of the Italian Michele Chiriani.
After August Potocki's death, his son Maurycy inherited the palace; it remained in his property until 1923. In 1923 he sold it to the Bank für Landeswirtschaft (Polish Bank Gospodarstwa Krajowego ). In the 1920s, the Polska Akademia Literatury used the property. At that time the collection of the National Library's cradle prints was also located here .
War and Post War
During the battle for Warsaw in 1939 the palace was already damaged. In the course of the Warsaw Uprising in 1944, it was burned down by units of the German Wehrmacht and rebuilt from 1949 to 1956 under Jan Dąbrowski. The vestibule , stairwell, dining room, billiard room and guest room received their previous appearance. Other rooms, however, were designed according to modern requirements.
Initially, the building was used to accommodate a copperplate engraving cabinet, the manuscript section and the university library's magazine room. Today the university museum is housed here. There are also parts of the history and language faculties of Warsaw University ( Instytut Kultury i Języka Polskiego dla Cudzoziemców "Polonicum" , Instytut Muzykologii , Ośrodek Badań nad Antykiem Europy Południowo-Wschodniej and Studium Europy Wschodniej ) and Studium Europy Wschodniej )
The Kupferstichkabinett
Today 33,700 engravings and drawings of Polish and foreign origin.
architecture
The three-story palace stands on a rectangular floor plan. The almost 60-meter-long front on Krakowskie Przedmieście has a central projectile indicated only by pilasters , a balcony and flat roof attic (with parapet decorations on the left and right) , while the core building facing the inner courtyard has a clearly protruding central projectile. In the north is the rear wing, about 20 meters long, at the same height, which - when looking from the north - gives the impression that the core building itself is 20 meters deep.
Facades
The architects involved in the construction mainly designed the facades facing the street and the church square to the side, the facades facing the courtyard were not worked on very much. A large balcony on the street side is supported by four atlases growing out of rectangular columns, which are the eye-catcher on the otherwise strictly classical and uniform facade. There is also a Potocki coat of arms (with a nine-pointed crown) above the entrance door. The facade of the wing building is much more magnificent and designed with elements of the Renaissance. In contrast to the facade of the core building, the windows on the second floor have a semicircular design. The central risalit, which also has a balcony here, has four continuous columns on the upper floors, which also support a small parapet on which a magnificent panoply with four flags and a towering crest is attached.
At the end of the courtyard is the former outbuilding that runs parallel to the core building.
Interior design
The interior was originally planned by Kamsetzer in the Pompeian style, which was modern in the second half of the 18th century, and implemented by Italian plasterers. In their time they were known beyond Warsaw's borders. After the war, only some of the larger rooms on the first floor were restored in the elaborate style; like the billiard room, a former dining room and the historic bathroom in the north wing. The classical entrance hall decorated with sandstone is also remarkable. Also of interest is a smaller staircase that starts in the hall and ends on a wall on the second floor. There used to be a secret room here.
Architectural elements
The atlases supporting the balcony on Krakowskie Przedmieście
Panoply on the wing building
Heraldic cartouche of the Potockis on the core building
literature
- Julius A. Chrościcki, Andrzej Rottermund: Architectural Atlas of Warsaw. Arkady, Warsaw 1978, p. 82.
- Tadeusz S. Jaroszewski: Palaces and Residences in Warsaw. Interpress, Warsaw 1985, ISBN 83-223-2049-3 , p. 157 ff.
- Małgorzata Danecka, Thorsten Hoppe: Discover Warsaw. Walking tours through the Polish capital. Trescher, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-89794-116-8 , p. 148.
- Janina Rutkowska: Guide to Warsaw and the surrounding area. 3rd, expanded edition. Sport i Turystyka, Warsaw 1982, ISBN 83-217-2380-2 , p. 76.
Web links
- Information and photos of the palace on the website of the City of Warsaw (in Polish)
- Information and historical photos of the palace at Dawna Warszawa (in Polish)
See also
References and comments
- ↑ Ludwik Skumin Tyszkiewicz (1748-1808) was a Lithuanian hetman and marshal
- ^ André Le Brun, also Andrzej Le Brun (1737-1811) was a sculptor of classicism of Franco-Belgian descent who worked in Poland
- ^ August Potocki (1806–1867) was the eldest son of the married couple Aleksander Stanisław Potocki and Anna Tyszkiewicz