Ultra high definition television

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The articles 4K2K , 2K (film) , Ultra HD , Ultra High Definition Television and 4K (image resolution) thematically overlap. Help me to better differentiate or merge the articles (→  instructions ) . To do this, take part in the relevant redundancy discussion . Please remove this module only after the redundancy has been completely processed and do not forget to include the relevant entry on the redundancy discussion page{{ Done | 1 = ~~~~}}to mark. Flugaal ( discussion ) 13:18, Jul 19, 2016 (CEST)


Official logo for Ultra HD
Screen size of different resolutions related to the same pixel size, related to the pixel size of NTSC
8K camera (prototype)
NHK lens for 8K camera

Ultra High Definition Television ( UHDTV or Ultra HDTV ) and Ultra High Definition Video ( UHDV ) denote a digital video format that has two image resolutions (same number of lines as 4K and 8K , but with an aspect ratio of 16: 9). In Japan, the 8K format is also called Super Hi-Vision (ス ー パ ー ハ イ ビ ジ ョ ン, Sūpāhaibijon; SHV). For 8K UHD there are also the names FUHD or Full UHD.

Details

The Geneva-based UN special organization Internationale Fernmeldeunion ( International Telecommunication Union, ITU ) could not agree on a number of pixels, so two video resolutions were assigned to the designation UHD . In May 2012, UHD was proposed as the standard. The Italian RAI , the British BBC and the Japanese broadcasting company NHK in cooperation with the local equipment industry are involved in the development. At the beginning of July 2014, the global Digital Video Broadcasting Consortium approved important parameters of a UHD broadcast format. The UHD-1 Phase 1 format now allows 3840 × 2160 pixels at frame rates of up to 60 fps and, thanks to 10 bits per pixel, a massively increased image contrast. Only with UHD-1 phase 2 is an enlarged color space according to ITU-R recommendation BT.2020 at a maximum of 120 fps (HFR) and max. 22.2-channel sound expanded.

  • Resolution: 3840 × 2160 (UHD-1) or 7680 × 4320 pixels (UHD-2)
  • Frame rate: max. 120 Hz
  • Color quantization: 10 bit or 12 bit with 4: 2: 2 color subsampling (HD: 4: 2: 0)
  • Sound: 22.2ch
    • 9 from above
    • 10 at ear level
    • 3 from below
    • 2 for effects in the bass range.

UHD-1

The term 4K resolution was originally used for 4096 × 2160 pixels, derived from the cinema sector. Today, however, manufacturers use 4K for televisions with 3840 × 2160 pixels.

UHD-2

8K with 7680 × 4320 pixels resolves four times as finely in height and width as Full HD, the number of pixels is therefore sixteen times as high and requires a data rate of 24 Gbit / s. UHDTV thus offers a higher resolution than 35 mm film and is used to designate lenses, cameras, projectors, displays and recorders. UHDTV uses a maximum of around 33.2 megapixels , the benefit of the higher resolution is justified on the one hand by the increasingly larger screen diagonals and on the other hand by the so-called hyper visual acuity .

The frame rate of max. 120 frames per second is also significantly higher than the rate used with IMAX- HD and DCI 48P (48 frames per second). Furthermore, the information for a far wider range of colors should be able to be embedded in the transmissions.

Content

The real problem with UHDTV is currently (as of January 2013), similar to the 3D technology, with the lack of content for the home theater and entertainment electronics sector. At IFA 2014, however, there was already a few experiences with Netflix UHD streaming from the USA (Internet access with at least 25 Mbit / s required), and a German offshoot was announced at short notice. In addition to the professional models, various consumer video cameras deliver plenty of “4k” material for YouTube , even if only there with max. 20 Mbit / s encoded as .mp4 file. For original quality from a Sony AX100, a cloud provider is preferable at 60 Mbit / s.

connections

UHD-1 (4k) requires more than 10.2 gigabits per second, which is why HDMI version 2.0 can deliver up to 18 gigabits per second. The HDMI Forum, which consists of 88 different companies from the electronics industry, announced in a press release in September 2013 that the specifications for the second HDMI generation, i.e. HDMI 2.0, had been adopted. The main change is the increase in the maximum bandwidth to 18 GBit / s, which means that Ultra HD content can be played back at 60 frames per second. However, a lower data rate with the low 8-bit color quantization and 4: 2: 0 was temporarily allowed in order to be able to use existing HDMI 1.4 chips. Another hurdle is the new copy protection standard HDCP-2.2, which is required in full-fledged HDMI 2.0 connections.

cinemamovies

Blu-ray

In April 2014, the Japanese electronics group Panasonic presented the world's first 4k Blu-Ray player that can implement a native 4K (60p) resolution. The data is transmitted from the player to the UHD-capable monitor or television (each with 4k resolution) either via DisplayPort or the new one decided and approved by the HDMI Forum (a planning committee consisting of 88 different companies from the electronics industry) in September 2013 Transmission standard: HDMI 2.0. Older Blu-ray films (mostly in Full HD ) can be upscaled to 4k resolution with newer Blu-ray players using special upscale processes in order to be able to achieve an almost real 4k resolution. The UHD Blu-ray Disc standard published at IFA 2014 provides for a minimum color depth of 10 bits, which requires a data rate of around 14.93 Gbit / s for 4k @ 50 / 60p.

Streaming

Streaming portals with films in higher resolution than Full HD have been available from Sony, among others, alongside Netflix . The first 4K media player is said to be available in the US for the first time for $ 700. The media player from Sony (FMP-X1) has a 2 TB hard drive. It comes from the factory with various short and ten feature films in 4K resolution: Total Recall in the remake, Bad Teacher , The Karate Kid , The Amazing Spider-Man , That's My Boy , Taxi Driver , Battle Los Angeles , The Other Guys , The Bridge on the River Kwai and Salt . Additional content can be delivered via an external hard drive to one of the two USB interfaces and via an SD memory card. In addition to video material from the hard drive, Sony also fills its Ultra HD player FMP-X1 via online stream. Also planned only for the USA so far, the group will launch its own video-on-demand offer in 4K resolution in autumn 2013. At around 8 dollars per film rented, this is around twice as expensive as it is currently in Full HD resolution. A two-hour 4k film requires around 100 GB of storage space. YouTube allows a maximum upload resolution of 4096 × 3072 (12.6 megapixels). Since the end of 2013, YouTube has been able to play the videos in their original resolution. The Californian company Netflix has been streaming its in-house production House of Cards in 4K resolution since April 2014 - the series Breaking Bad followed a few weeks later . Since the German Netflix launch on September 16, 2014, these have also been available in Germany on 4K TVs, but not on 4K PCs. Amazon Video has also been offering 4K content since 2015. Especially in-house productions from Amazon are offered in 4K.

watch TV

At the beginning of April 2014 at the NAB 2014 in Las Vegas, the Japanese public television broadcaster NHK announced that it is currently planning to broadcast UHD-2 content in 8k resolution on 8k-capable TV sets in 2020. In order to have the required bandwidth available, NHK wants to broadcast its satellite broadcasts from 2016 [out of date] in the 12 GHz band and from 2020 in the 20 GHz band via satellite. When the format was still being tested, the developers at NHK constructed all the required devices in close cooperation with the device industry. For example, they used a cluster of 16 HDTV video recorders with a total capacity of 3.5 terabytes to record an 18-minute test film. The camera itself was equipped with four 64 mm CCDs . The system has been presented in museums in Japan and at various international trade fairs such as the International Broadcast Conference , NAB and IFA .

With the help of the Japanese NHK, the BBC broadcast selected competitions from the 2012 Summer Olympics in UHD-2 (8k). In the absence of appropriate televisions or other playback devices, large screens were set up in three public viewing areas, which were around 15 meters high and offered 7680 × 4320 pixels. The television broadcaster Sky recorded a British soccer game with four Sony F55 cameras in UHD-1 (4k) resolution in September 2013. In June 2013, the German company Futuretainment , headed by Dierks Studios and their technical director Dennis Flüchter, recorded a live music recording with five Sony F55 cameras using the HDSigns broadcast van from Bavaria in UHD-1 (4k). For the 2014 World Cup , Sony, in cooperation with the world football association FIFA, recorded a total of three games (a quarter-final, a round of 16 and the final) in UHD-1 with 4k resolution. The Ultra HD recordings are used for an official FIFA film about the World Cup.

As part of a test run, the BBC broadcast three Ultra HD games from the 2014 World Cup to Great Britain in Ultra HD / 4k. These games were to be broadcast in Ultra HD via DVB-T2 and in parallel via the Internet to suitable televisions in selected BBC development centers. The HEVC codec was used for the test broadcasts both via DVB-T2 (London K35, Manchester K37 and Glasgow K35) and on the Internet. A quarter-finals and the final in Rio on July 4th and 13th were also broadcast in UHD-1 (4k) on 5 ° West for a cinema in London, but encrypted throughout. At IFA Berlin 2014, SES Astra broadcast UHD-1 demo videos with HEVC coding on three TV channels at the same time, including excerpts from Sky test recordings of Bundesliga soccer matches.

criticism

It is criticized that UHD technology generates high procurement and operating costs for consumers in practice, but offers few advantages apart from the greater scope for subsequent processing and image stabilization of film recordings. The higher resolution can only be used, provided that the image material used provides it at all, when you are very close to the screen, which can be an advantage in a control room , for example , but is hardly useful when enjoying a film. The recording devices for filming work comparatively slowly because of the large amounts of data, which can lead to jerky film scenes or to inadequate or delayed automatic focusing on the cameras. Furthermore, to be data processing of large amounts of data and for the higher data rates required energy criticized. There is a significantly higher power consumption of the recording, image processing and playback devices , and thus higher operating costs arise. If the bandwidth for the data transmission is limited , fewer films can be transmitted at the same time, and this can subsequently be the cause of a reduction in image resolution or quality as well as disconnections.

Screen copy of a UHD monitor. The entire short story The Gold Beetle by Edgar Allan Poe can be seen in legible script at once.

The organization Digitaleurope has adopted an official UHD logo. Anyone who buys a television with this logo should have the guarantee that they are purchasing an optimally equipped and future-proof device. In reality, however, the logo doesn't even guarantee a built-in HEVC decoder, although you can't watch UHD television programs without it.

Hardware requirements

An up-to-date UHD television set should have the following features:

  • Resolution 3840 × 2160 pixels
  • Support for refresh rates of 24, 50 and 60 Hz
  • Upscaling
  • HDMI 2.0 input with copy protection HDCP 2.2 ( HDR is only supported from HDMI 2.0a )
  • Receiver for DVB-T2, DVB-S2 or DVB-C
  • Decoder for H.265 HEVC
  • (Internet connection)
  • Color depth: 10 bit
  • Color space: (Wide Color Gamut), input signal: BT.2020
  • Display representation: More than 90% of the P3 color gamut
  • High Dynamic Range (HDR): SMPTE ST2084 EOTF
  • Either with more than 1000 cd · m −2 maximum brightness and less than 0.05 cd · m −2 black level
  • Alternatively, more than 540 cd m −2 maximum brightness and less than 0.0005 cd m −2 black level

See also

Web links

Commons : Ultra High Definition Television  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Sanjay Acharya: Ultra High Definition Television: Threshold of a new age. ITU, May 24, 2012, accessed January 30, 2013 .
  2. ↑ Christian Kahle: 7,680 × 4,320 pixels: HD successor standard is available. winfuture.de, August 24, 2012, accessed January 30, 2013 .
  3. ↑ Kimio Hamasaki, Toshiyuki Nishiguchi, Reiko Okumura, Yasushige Nakayama, Akio Ando: 22.2 Multichannel Sound System for Ultra High-Definition TV. (PDF; 833 kB) NHK Science & Technical Research Laboratories, October 2008, p. 3 , archived from the original on July 2, 2010 ; accessed on January 30, 2013 .
  4. ↑ Ulrike Kuhlmann: Displays with 4K in practice. (No longer available online.) Heise Zeitschriften Verlag, December 2012, formerly in the original ; accessed on January 30, 2013 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / heise.de  
  5. ↑ Volker Rißka: NHK will start 8K TV broadcasts as early as 2016. Computer Base, January 7, 2013, accessed on January 31, 2013 .
  6. ↑ Matthias Proske: UHDTV - It still takes time. ValueTech, July 11, 2013, accessed September 4, 2013 .
  7. ↑ Ben Mueller: HDMI 2.0: UHD TV at 60 Hertz with 18 gigabits per second. Footsteps Limited, September 6, 2013, accessed September 6, 2013 .
  8. ↑ Ben Mueller: Panasonic Blu-Ray player DMP-BDT700 with HDMI 2.0 and 4k (60p) . In: uhd-tv.info. April 16, 2014.
  9. ↑ Ben Mueller: HDMI 2.0: UHD TV at 60 Hertz with 18 gigabits per second . In: uhd-tv.info. September 6, 2013.
  10. ^ A b Nico Jurran: Betting on the future - trends of the International CES 2013 in Las Vegas . In: Heise Zeitschriften Verlag (ed.): Ct . tape 13/03 , 2013, p. 17 .
  11. ↑ Ramesh Sarukkai: What's bigger than 1080p? 4K video comes to YouTube . July 9, 2010. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved on August 20, 2011.
  12. ↑ http://www.mobiflip.de/youtube-player-bekommen-option-fuer-4k-inhalte/
  13. ↑ Dominic Jahn: All films and series in 4K on Amazon Instant Video. In: 4kfilme.de. October 3, 2015, accessed January 25, 2016 .
  14. ↑ 8k UHD news and information: First tests from 2016, first 8k UHD televisions expected in 2020. Footsteps Ltd., April 24, 2014, accessed April 24, 2014 .
  15. ↑ Martyn Williams: Japan's NHK eyes 8K TV broadcasting from 2016. IDG News Service, January 6, 2013, accessed January 31, 2013 .
  16. ↑ JSuper Hi-Vision advances over IP. TVBEurope - Intent Media Ltd, November 15, 2010, accessed January 31, 2013 .
  17. ↑ BBC shows Olympia 2012 partly in Ultra HDTV. ComputerBase, August 28, 2011, accessed August 28, 2011 .
  18. ^ "Sky captures first Ultra HD event" broadbandtvnews.com from September 2, 2013. Accessed September 8, 2013.
  19. ↑ Report ( Memento of the original from September 13, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.video-magazin.de
  20. ↑ Sony provides the technology: Football World Cup 2014 in Ultra HD. Footsteps Ltd., April 7, 2014, accessed April 7, 2014 .
  21. ↑ http://www.bbc.co.uk/rd/blog/2014/07/world-cup-quarter-final-uhd-coverage
  22. ↑ Markus Bautsch: Reproduction - Optimal number of pixels , Wikibook digital imaging methods , accessed on February 19, 2015
  23. ↑ Videos in 4k: Not exactly cheap and not always an advantage , test.de , November 20, 2014, accessed on February 19, 2015
  24. ↑ UHD television: What does the “crisp” technology bring? , test.de , August 31, 2016, accessed on August 14, 2018
  25. ↑ a b Till Fischer: Evaluation and Classification of the Requirements for Data Connections of Mobile Devices , Sections 2.2.7 Compression and 4.2.6.3 Extensive Data Transfer , Bachelor thesis at the University of Ulm , October 2, 2013, accessed on August 14, 2018