Unitist order
The Unitists were student orders during the Enlightenment in the 18th century .
history
The first Unitist order was donated in 1774 by the Pomeranian theology student Johann Georg Schütz and his friends Justinus Hermann Meyer from Nette , Ernst Felix Lundenreich and Johann Christian Hempel from Colberg at the University of Halle . The next were in Jena (1785), Göttingen (1786), Leipzig , Frankfurt (Oder) , Greifswald , Helmstedt , Marburg (1786), Rostock (1789) and Wittenberg , perhaps also inAttain . The members were mainly from Westphalia , Mecklenburg , Pomerania and Baltic Germans .
The Unitists were the only order to be strictly religious ( pietistic ). Unlike the other orders, they also accepted citizens (non-academics) and officers. The religious oath was sworn on the gospel . The order number was the holy three .
The direction of the order was in the hands of the lodge master and a free committee, which held weekly meetings, organized monthly meetings of the whole society and held the members (including the committee) accountable. The similarities in the self-image and structure of today's corps are unmistakable.
- Committee
- Lodge master or senior
- Sub-lodge master or sub-senior
- representative
- Supplementary Official
- Cashier
- secretary
Goettingen
From the “Göttingschen Loge” (1786 or 1785) a “Kurtzer excerpt from the history and the laws of the order for use at receptions” and a list of members in the Göttingen State and University Library have been preserved. The membership list includes 185 names.
“ The union of unity, into which you now wish to be accepted, is a secret society with regard to your inner constitution, the preservation of which makes a mysterious dress necessary. ... All purposes of the Unitists unite for the fulfillment of the highest and ultimate purpose of every morally reasonable being, the formation of all his services to the highest moral perfection . "
The order promised every member "trust, friendship and brotherly love" as well as "protection, assistance and active help in every need and danger" .
The counter duel set Schokoladisten solved from 1792 unrest in Jena , which throughout the Roman Empire Saints to investigation and prosecution, leading eventually to the prohibition of all students Order. The medals in Göttingen were therefore also banned by the government in Hanover in October 1794 and subsequently severely persecuted by the university authorities. In the course of these investigations, the senior of the Unitists was expelled in December 1795, and the secretary Hahn received the Consilium abeundi. The order was thereby considerably weakened in contrast to the other Göttingen orders. Nevertheless, the order continued underground until 1798. The secretary was also able to return to the university a few months later and remained in his office without interruption until 1798.
Probably wrongly it is claimed that "from 1795 onwards a not inconsiderable part of the Göttingen Landsmannschaft Guestphalia and from 1798 onwards the members of the Curonia Göttingen probably fully joined the Unitist order" . Bernhard von Halem was one of the members .
- Göttingen lodge master
- Anton Günter Tannen - 1786
- Count Heinrich von der Goltz - 1787
- Christian Hermann Giese - 1788
- Hans Detlev von Hammerstein - 1788
- Count Adolf Theophil von Moltke - 1788
- Georg Heinrich Wilhelm von Weyhe - 1789
- Wilhelm Chassot von Florencourt - 1789
- Ernst Friedrich Wilhelm Marshal von Bieberstein - 1790
- Carl Wilhelm Kopp - 1791
- Ernst von Meltzing - 1792
- OC Nottlbeck - 1792
- Bernhard Bollhagen - 1794–1796
- Christoph Heinrich Heydorn - 1795
- Peter zur Mühlen - 1795
- Friedrich von Wissel - 1798
- by Sass - 1798
- Balthasar Christoph Friedrich von Rieben - 1798–1799
Other members
- Johan Jacob Anckarström (1762–1792), murderer of the Swedish King Gustav III.
- Carl Friedrich Wolf Feuerstein (1786–1856), German doctor who worked as a Prussian spy in the Kingdom of Westphalia and later participated in the Wars of Liberation as a member of the Lützow Freikorps. He was a long-time friend of Friedrich Ludwig Jahn.
- Friedrich Ludwig Jahn (1778–1852), German educator and initiator of the gymnastics movement
- Ernst Friedrich Herbert zu Münster (1766–1839), German statesman and politician in the service of the United Kingdom and the House of Hanover, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hanover
- Kaspar Detlev von Schulte (1771–1846), but was soon excluded from the community again “because of his cold behavior”.
- Karl Ludwig von Woltmann (1770–1817), German historian, author and diplomat
literature
- Erich Bauer (historian) , FA Pietzsch: Zum Göttingen Unitist Order (1786–1799) . Einst und Jetzt , Vol. 13 (1968), pp. 55-67
- Stefan Brüdermann: Göttingen students and academic jurisdiction in the 18th century . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1990 ( digitized version )
- Karl Hoede: Guys out. As a reminder of the origins of the old boyhood. Frankfurt am Main 1962, pp. 43-44, 54.
- Peter Kaupp : Freemasonry and Boy Customs. Continuity of religious traditions in corporate students. Einst und Jetzt , Vol. 46 (2001), pp. 33-68.
- Friedrich August Pietzsch: The Unitist order in Leipzig and the stud book. CA Herzog from the years 1800–1802 . Einst und Jetzt , Vol. 7 (1962), pp. 118-130
Web links
- Unitists . In: Pierer 1857, on zeno.org
- Economic Encyclopedia (1773-1858)
- Bernhard Schröter: Unitists . 2006
References and comments
- ↑ The sub-senior represented the senior and took care of the internal organization of the order
- ↑ The representative "secures the other members from any oppression of the other officials and encourages them to fulfill their duties"
- ↑ Admission of new members
- ↑ 8 ° Ns hist. Lit. 112/10
- ↑ a b Bauer and Pietzsch, 1968
- ^ Brüdermann (1990), p. 236 ff.
- ↑ Ernst Kelchner: Halem-Ilksen, BJF Freiherr von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 10, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1879, p. 410.
- ↑ Court preacher to the Queen of England
- ↑ fell in a duel
- ↑ Relegated publicly in 1795
- ↑ Hans-Joachim Heerde: The audience of physics. Lichtenberg's listener. Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2006, ISBN 978-3-8353-0015-6 , p. 570, limited preview in the Google book search.