Vanilla ramosa

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Vanilla ramosa
Vanilla ramosa (Jardin des Plantes Paris) .JPG

Vanilla ramosa

Systematics
Order : Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family : Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily : Vanilloideae
Tribe : Vanilleae
Genre : Vanilla ( vanilla )
Type : Vanilla ramosa
Scientific name
Vanilla ramosa
Rolfe

Vanilla ramosa is a species of vanilla ( Vanilla ) in the orchid family (Orchidaceae). It grows as a climbing plant in tropical Africa.

description

Vanilla ramosa is an evergreen climber. The shoot is relatively thin with a diameter of up to eight millimeters. It has two longitudinal grooves. The leaves are oval to elongated, at the base in a relatively long petiole (one to two centimeters) merging, ending in front with a short attached tip. They become up to eight inches long and seven inches wide.

Vanilla ramosa blooms in March and April. The inflorescence is four to six inches long, rarely it is unbranched, usually it is composed of two to four racemose partial inflorescences , each of which bears ten to twelve flowers . The inflorescence axis is fleshy, thick and slightly compressed on the sides. The bracts are oval to triangular, concave, 0.2 to 0.4 centimeters in size. Pedicel and ovary together measure 3.5 to four centimeters. The flowers are yellowish white, the lip has a reddish markings. Sepals and petals are elongated to lanceolate, usually up to 1.5 centimeters long, rarely up to 2.5 centimeters. The lip is three-lobed, all lobes are bent outward in the front area. The lateral lobes have entire margins, the edge of the middle one is slightly wavy. A smooth keel runs along the lip, on the middle lobe there are three to five calluses, these are two to three millimeters long and fray towards the top. The club-shaped column is 0.8 to 1.5 centimeters long, two thirds of its length is fused with the lip. The capsule fruit is seven to eleven centimeters long and 0.5 centimeters in diameter. Two distinct grooves run along the fruit, it ends in a small thickening.

distribution

Vanilla ramosa has a wide area in tropical Africa: in the west it reaches the Ivory Coast and Ghana , in the southeast the area extends to the Central African Republic and the Congo . The plants occurring on Zanzibar were considered by Portères as a separate species ( Vanilla zanzibarica ), Soto Arenas and Cribb also count the mainland, East African populations to Vanilla zanzibarica .

Systematics and botanical history

Vanilla ramosa was first described by Robert Allen Rolfe in 1896 .

Within the genus Vanilla , Vanilla pompona is classified in the subgenus Xanata and there in the section Tethya , which contains all species of the paleotropic species . According to Portères, vanilla ramosa is similar to other African vanilla species such as Vanilla acuminata , Vanilla africana and Vanilla cucullata . Various authors saw Vanilla ramosa only as a subspecies of Vanilla africana or Vanilla crenulata . Soto Arenas and Cribb confirm Portères' assessment; they complement Vanilla crenulata, Vanilla hallei , Vanilla heterolopha and Vanilla zanzibarica as related species.

literature

  • Le Vanillier et la Vanille dans le Monde . In: Gilbert Bouriquet (ed.): Encyclopédie Biologique . tape XLVI . Paul Lechevalier, Paris 1954.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Roland Portères: Le Genre Vanilla et ses Espèces. In: Le Vanillier et la Vanille dans le Monde. Pp. 198-200.
  2. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Vanilla ramosa. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved May 20, 2020.
  3. ↑ a b c Miguel A. Soto Arenas, Phillip Cribb: A new infrageeric classification and synopsis of the genus Vanilla Plum. ex Mill. (Orchidaceae: Vanillinae) . In: Lankesteriana . tape 9 , no. 3 , 2010, p. 391 ( ucr.ac.cr [PDF; 692 kB ]).
  4. ↑ In: J. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) Volume 32, 1889, p. 457.