Forest hyacinths
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Two-leaved forest hyacinth ( Platanthera bifolia ) |
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The forest hyacinths ( Platanthera ) or devil flowers form a plant - genus in the family of the Orchid Family (Orchidaceae).
Surname
The genus was re-described in 1817 by the French botanist Louis Claude Marie Richard . The scientific name of the genus refers to the great width of the anthers in the type species Platanthera bifolia ( Greek πλατύς platys = broad, flat and ανθέρα anthera = anthers ).
The German name "forest hyacinth" is misleading because hyacinths do not belong to the orchids group.
Systematics
Synonyms
Species of this genus have been scientifically processed, so that a large number of generic synonyms emerged:
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Types (selection)
Of the well over 400 described species, subspecies and forms, around 85 species are validly recognized. The main distribution area of this genus is in Asia.
- about 52 species in East Asia ( China , Japan , Korea , Taiwan )
- about 13 species in the Asian tropics ( Burma , Indonesia , New Guinea , Philippines )
- about 37 species in North America (to Mexico )
- 5 species in Europe
Different species are not restricted to just one continent, hence some multiple answers
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Europe:
- Algerian forest hyacinth ( Platanthera algeriensis Batt. & Trab. ): It occurs from Morocco and Algeria to central Spain, to Corsica and Sardinia at altitudes between 0 and 2100 meters above sea level.
- Two-leaved forest hyacinth ( Platanthera bifolia (L.) Rich. )
- Greenish forest hyacinth ( Platanthera chlorantha (Custer) Rchb. , Syn .: Platanthera holmboei H. Lindb. )
- Icelandic forest hyacinth or northern forest hyacinth ( Platanthera hyperborea (L.) Lindl. ): It occurs in Iceland, Greenland, Alaska, Canada and North America, on the Aleutian Islands, Kamchatka and Hokkaido.
- Little-flowered forest hyacinth ( Platanthera oligantha Turcz. , Syn .: Platanthera obtusata subsp. Oligantha (Turcz.) Hultén , Lysiella oligantha (Turcz.) Nevski ): It occurs in Lapland at altitudes between 50 and 800 meters above sea level and in Siberia up to 1200 meters above sea level in front.
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Azores
- Azores forest hyacinth ( Platanthera azorica Schltr. ): It occurs in the Azores in grassy shrub heaths in the zone of trade winds at heights between 330 and 1100 meters above sea level.
- Small-flowered forest hyacinth ( Platanthera micrantha (Hochst. Ex Seub.) Schltr. ): It occurs in the Azores in grassy shrub heaths on moist acidic soils at altitudes between 200 and 1330 meters above sea level.
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North Africa:
- Algerian forest hyacinth ( Platanthera algeriensis Batt. & Trab. )
- Künkeles forest hyacinth ( Platanthera kuenkelei H. Baumann ): It occurs in cork oak forests with high levels of precipitation in northeastern Algeria and northwestern Tunisia at altitudes between 0 and 1,300 meters above sea level. The species was named in honor of the lawyer and botanist Siegfried Künkele (1931-2004).
- North America:
- Asia:
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The following are no longer included in this category:
- Platanthera limosa Lindl. => Coenoemersa limosa (Lindl.) R.González & Lizb.Hern.
Natural hybrids
- Platanthera × andrewsii (M. White) Luer 1975 = Platanthera lacera × Platanthera psycodes
- Platanthera × bicolor (Raf.) Luer 1972 = Platanthera blephariglottis × Platanthera ciliaris
- Platanthera × canbyi (Ames) Luer 1972 = Platanthera blephariglottis × Platanthera cristata
- Platanthera × channellii Folsom 1984 = Platanthera ciliaris × Platanthera cristata
- Platanthera × hybrida Brügger 1882 = Platanthera bifolia × Platanthera chlorantha
- Platanthera × keenanii P.M. Br. 1994 = Platanthera grandiflora × Platanthera lacera
- Platanthera × media (Rydb.) Luer 1975 = Platanthera dilatata × Platanthera hyperborea
- Platanthera × vossii F.W. Case 1983 = Platanthera blephariglottis × Platanthera clavellata
Natural hybrids with anacamptis :
- × Anacamptiplatanthera payotii P. Fourn. 1928 = Anacamptis pyramidalis × Platanthera bifolia
Natural hybrids with Coeloglossum :
- × Coeloplatanthera brueggeri Cif. & Giacom. 1950 = Coeloglossum viride x Platanthera chlorantha
Natural hybrids with Dactylorhiza :
- × Rhizanthera chevallieriana (EG Camus) Soó 1892 = Dactylorhiza maculata ssp. elodes × Platanthera bifolia
- × Rhizanthera fournieri (Royer) Soó 1966 = Dactylorhiza sambucina × Platanthera bifolia
- × Rhizanthera somersetiensis (A. Camus) Soó 1966 = Dactylorhiza maculata ssp. fuchsii × Platanthera bifolia
Natural hybrids with Gymnadenia :
- × Gymplatanthera borelii L.C. Lamb. 1907 = Gymnadenia odoratissima × Platanthera chlorantha
- × Gymplatanthera chodatii (Lendn. Ex Schroet.) EG Camus 1908 = Gymnadenia conopsea × Platanthera bifolia
Natural hybrids with orchis :
- × Orchiplatanthera andreasii Kümpel 1978 = Orchis pallens × Platanthera chlorantha
Sources and further information
literature
- Working groups local orchids (ed.): Die Orchideen Deutschlands , 2005, Uhlstädt-Kirchhasel, ISBN 3-00-014853-1 .
- R. Schlechter: Die Orchideen , 4 vol. & Regist., 3rd edition (revised Senghas, K .; 1985–2003) - The standard work on the subject of orchids (German)
Individual evidence
- ^ Schmeil-Fitschen, Flora of Germany and its adjacent areas, 87th edition, 1982
- ↑ a b c d e f Helmut Baumann , Siegfried Künkele and Richard Lorenz: Orchids of Europe with adjacent areas . Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 2006. ISBN 978-3-8001-4162-3 . Page 125, 257-263.
Web links
Commons : Forest Hyacinths ( Platanthera ) - Album with pictures, videos and audio files
