Pilgrimage Church of Maria Kulm

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Facade of the pilgrimage church

The Sanctuary of Maria Kulm , officially Sanctuary of the Assumption and St. Mary Magdalene is a baroque Roman Catholic Mary - Sanctuary , which is about 25 kilometers from the Bavarian and about 15 km from the Saxon border in Egerland in the village of Chlum Svaté Maří (dt . Maria Kulm ) stands.

history

Allegedly, a butcher's journeyman found a portrait of Mary in a hazel shrub on the site of today's pilgrimage church , which shows the Virgin Mary with the child . He took it with him, but it returned to the same place, which was repeated several times. To protect the portrait, he eventually built a simple wooden roof over the statuette .

The place was first mentioned in a document in 1341. In 1383, two priesthoods were established for the pilgrimage site.

In the course of time, different structures replaced the simple protective roof; the existing buildings were also supplemented by others. The pilgrimage church of the Assumption of Mary and St. Mary Magdalene was built at the beginning of the 15th century. Between 1687 and 1728, the church and the associated monastery with the provost of the Knights of the Cross with the Red Star were completely rebuilt. Christoph Dientzenhofer created the plans . The painter Elias Dollhopf carried out the frescoes .

Until well into the 20th century, several 10,000 people made the pilgrimage to the pilgrimage church every year, making it one of the most visited pilgrimage sites in the Czech Republic , until the stream of pilgrims came to a standstill during the National Socialist era . After the Second World War, the Knights of the Cross with the Red Star were expelled by the ČSSR authorities. The complex later served as a place of residence and as a repository for sacred art .

In 1958 the pilgrimage church, the entire area and the adjoining monastery were added to the list of cultural monuments . However, nobody cared about the facility, so it slowly fell into disrepair. Due to the lack of care, the roof leaked, which caused rainwater to seep into the interior, so that the stucco ceiling as well as the wall and ceiling paintings were badly damaged.

At the end of the 20th century, the area was given back to the Knights of the Cross with the Red Star, which has been gradually restored since then. The facility has been a national cultural monument since January 2018 .

restoration

Inner courtyard of the Propstei

In 2004 the organ was repaired and the roof of the provost's office was partially renewed. The seven-part cycle of pictures followed four years later and can be seen in the Gnadenkapelle. The pictures by the artist Wenzel Wirkner , created around 1900, were revised by the restorer Annette Kollmann. The refurbishment of the dome, which also took place in 2008, cost a total of 100,000 euros. In 2009 the church walls, the frescoes , the ceiling of the church and that of the provost's office were renovated. A fund from the Kingdom of Norway carried the costs of 1.1 million euros . In the following year, the restoration of the nave and the provost began. The preparation of the nave was completed in 2011. In 2012 it was decided that the stucco ceiling on the first floor of the Propstei should be renovated. A budget of € 80,000 has been earmarked for this. The drainage systems around the church were renewed in 2013. In 2014, talks began with the European Union , which is to support the further renovation of the church with funding .

architecture

Cloister in the monastery

The spacious complex includes the pilgrimage church, the gallery and the prop building on its long sides. The church is a high baroque, east- facing gallery basilica with a suggested transept , recessed choir and double-towered portal facade. The interior is clearly divided into the main nave and the Mercy Chapel to the west. It is basically two very different and functionally independent rooms in a homogeneous exterior. The main portal leads into the Chapel of Mercy and the main nave can be reached via its two side exits.

Inside the Chapel of Grace, eight Corinthian pilasters divide the room rhythmically. Statues of biblical figures are placed on the pilasters, including Joseph with the baby Jesus, King David and John the Baptist.

The church itself shows the shape of a Latin cross in plan. You enter the church through the aisles. It is adorned with sculptures, most of which date from the second half of the 18th century. The confessionals and the church stalls are from this time. In the north aisle there is a late Gothic crucifix from around 1500.

It is surrounded on three sides by a rectangular open space for the pilgrims, which is delimited by a covered arcade as a way of the cross . In this there are a total of six chapels in the four corners and in the middle of the long sides (i.e. in the south and north). Starting with the south-west corner, counterclockwise, these are the following: Chapel of the Holy Family , Chapel of the Magi , Mother of God Chapel, Chapel of St. Agnes , Chapel of the Fourteen Holy Helpers , Chapel of the Bohemian Patrons.

The Alte Propstei is attached to the long south side and the Neue Propstei to the north.

reception

In addition to the legend about the discovery of the figure of Mary, there are other stories about the place of pilgrimage. In 1495 Paulus Niavis published the legend of the robbers in Kulm . It was created in the 19th century by Heinrich C. Cuno as a play in five acts with the title Die Räuber auf Maria Kulm; or, Die Kraft des Glaubens edited, which was performed on August 19, 1825 in the Theater an der Wien . The comic opera Bibiana or Die Kapelle im Walde (in 3 acts) by Johann Peter Pixis (music) and Louis Lax (text), which premiered in Aachen on October 8, 1829, is based on this piece .

Literature (selection)

  • The miraculous image on Maria Kulm: a legend from a very old time . Reitmeyer, Regensburg 1833, OCLC 258396707 .
  • Franz Franieck: The miraculous image of Maria-Kulm; or, The power of faith, written according to folk tales … Franieck, Karlsbad 1889, OCLC 671864133 .
  • Sabine-Gabriele Döllner: Pilgrimage Church Maria Kulm: a summary . Ed .: Friends of the pilgrimage church Maria Kulm. Preußler, Nuremberg 2005, ISBN 3-934679-14-5 .

Web links

Commons : Pilgrimage Church Maria Kulm  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Rainer Christoph: From the wooden chapel to the pilgrimage site. In: oberpfalznetz.de. April 30, 2011, accessed June 8, 2015 .
  2. ↑ a b Maria Kulm pilgrimage church. In: maria-kulm.de. Retrieved June 3, 2015 .
  3. ↑ a b Maria Kulm pilgrimage site - Chlum sv. Maří | Františkovy Lázně information center. In: flinfo.cz. Retrieved June 3, 2015 .
  4. ↑ a b c area of ​​the Chlum Svaté Maří (Maria Kulm) provost house | Living Land. Retrieved June 3, 2015 .
  5. ^ A b Enno Bünz, Franz Fuchs: The humanism at the University of Leipzig: files of the in cooperation with the Chair for Saxon State History at the University of Leipzig, the University Library Leipzig and the Leipzig History Association on 9/10. November 2007 in Leipzig organized symposium . Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 2009, ISBN 978-3-447-06079-0 , p. 76 ( books.google.de ).
  6. ↑ Pilgrimage to Maria Kulm. May 1, 2010, accessed June 4, 2015 .
  7. ↑ History (maria-kulm.de)
  8. ↑ a b Bayerischer Rundfunk: The rescue of the oldest pilgrimage church in Bohemia ( Memento of the original from June 10, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.maria-kulm.de archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at maria-kulm.de, accessed on June 3, 2015 (PDF)
  9. ↑ The following is based on the layout by Maria Kulm in the book by Sabine-Gabriele Döllner, Pilgrimage Church - Maria Kulm , p. 146 f.
  10. ↑ Because the main portal is mostly closed, the usual entrance is from the forecourt via the door into the southern gallery. There is an anteroom at the south-east corner of the church, from which you can enter both the Chapel of Mercy and the nave.
  11. ^ Heinrich C. Cuno: The robbers on Maria Kulm; or, The Power of Faith. Play from the patriotic history of the 14th century in five acts. P. Reclam, Leipzig 1890, OCLC 9490059 .
  12. ^ Johann Peter Pixis , Louis Lax: Bibiana or: The Chapel in the Forest - comic opera in 3 acts . Meyer, Aachen [a. a.] 1829, OCLC 179109793 .

Coordinates: 50 ° 9 ′ 0 ″  N , 12 ° 32 ′ 10 ″  E