Way thistle
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Path thistle ( Carduus acanthoides ) |
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| Carduus acanthoides | ||||||||||||
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The way thistle ( Carduus acanthoides ), also called way ring thistle and hogweed-like thistle , is a species of ring thistle ( Carduus ) within the daisy family (Asteraceae).
description
The way thistle is an herbaceous biennial plant that reaches heights of 30 to 120 centimeters. Its stem is winged with thorns and leaves (almost) to the tip. The leaves that run down are deeply pinnate, green and almost completely bare underneath. The leaf sections have 4 to 7 millimeters long, tough thorns .
The flower heads stand on short inflorescence shafts individually up to three, and have a diameter of 12 to 25 millimeters. The shell is ovate-spherical and hardly hairy. The middle bracts are not constricted. The corolla is light purple in color. The flowering period is June to September.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 22.
ecology
The way thistle is a two-year-old hemicryptophyte , a pioneer plant and a cultural companion. It is pollinated by bees and bumblebees . Their fruits are spread by the wind.
Occurrence
The way thistle is a temperate-continental (to sub-Mediterranean) floral element that occurs from Central and Eastern Europe to the Caucasus, Western Asia and China as well as south to Northern Greece. The species is absent in southwest Europe. In Scandinavia and England it occurs only synanthropically . It is also a neophyte in North America, New Zealand, Argentina, and Uruguay.
The way thistle occurs scattered in herbaceous or open weed meadows , on paths, rubble and loading areas or in livestock stores. It grows mainly on nitrogen-rich and mostly base-rich soil in a warm climate. According to Ellenberg , it is a full-light plant and an association character of the warmth-needy thistle societies (Onopordion acanthii).
Systematics
The first publication of Carduus acanthoides was made in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum . Synonyms for Carduus acanthoides L. are: Carduus camporum Boiss. , Carduus fortior Klokov , Carduus martrinii Martrin-Donos , Carduus murfatlarii Nyár. & Prodan , Carduus polyacanthus Schreb. Boiss , Carduus thessalus . & Hero. , Carduus velebiticus Borbás and Carduus medius subsp. martrinii (Martrin-Donos) Kazmi .
One can distinguish the following subspecies:
- Carduus acanthoides subsp. acanthoides
- Carduus acanthoides subsp. sintenisii Kazmi : It only occurs in Turkey.
Common names
For the way thistle exist or existed, partly only regionally, the other German-language trivial names : Bärenklaudistel ( Silesia ), Dästel ( Transylvania ), Diessel ( East Friesland ), Dizeln ( Göttingen ) and Stickel (East Friesland).
literature
- Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen. Interactive flora of Germany. Seeing - determining - knowing. The key to the flora . CD-ROM, version 2.0. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2004, ISBN 3-494-01368-3 .
- Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
- Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 6 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Asteridae): Valerianaceae to Asteraceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1996, ISBN 3-8001-3343-1 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 963 .
- ^ A b Carduus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved March 16, 2018.
- ↑ Heinz Ellenberg : Vegetation of Central Europe with the Alps in an ecological, dynamic and historical perspective (= UTB for science. Large series . Volume 8104 ). 5th, heavily changed and improved edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1996, ISBN 3-8252-8104-3 .
- ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 2, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 821, digitized
- ↑ Carduus acanthoides at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ a b c Werner Greuter: Compositae (pro parte majore). Carduus acanthoides. In: Werner Greuter, Eckhard von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin from 2006.
- ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 80. ( online ).
Web links
- Way thistle. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Way thistle . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Carduus acanthoides L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora .
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere from: Eric Hultén, Magnus Fries: Atlas of North European vascular plants. 1986, ISBN 3-87429-263-0 at Den virtuella floran. (swed.)
- Thomas Meyer: Thistle data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
- Pictures at biopix.dk Pictures.
