Purple-brown leather blotch
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Purple-brown leather blubber ( Russula vinosobrunnea ) |
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| ( Bres. ) Romagn. |
The purple- brown leather blotch or wine-brown blotch ( Russula vinosobrunnea ) is a fungus belonging to the family of the blotched relatives . The very rare, violet-brown deafbling is closely related to both the red-stemmed as well as the shiny leather-deafblings and is the link between the two species.
features
, Drawing from G. Bresadola's "Iconographia mycologica"
Macroscopic features
The hat is only of average size and about 5–13 cm wide. It is convex, firm and quite meaty for a long time. The hat color can vary widely, mostly the hat is purple-brown. The spectrum ranges from red-brown to brown-orange or bronze-colored. However, the hat can also be olive-colored and sometimes even brownish-flesh-colored like the meat-red edible blubber . The middle is often tinted darker than the sometimes cream-colored to wine-reddish, blunt edge. The hat skin can be very shiny in damp weather, but after drying it is rather dull. It is only slightly removable.
The rather broad, bulbous and blunt lamellae are attached to the stem. They stand quite close together and are strongly connected across veins. When ripe they are vividly colored ocher yellow. Sometimes the cutting edges near the edge are tinged with purple. The spore powder is more or less yolk yellow ( IVb-IVc according to Romagnesi ).
The stem is firm, (4) 5–7 (9) cm long and 1–2.5 (3.5) cm wide. It is usually cylindrical in shape and predominantly white. Here and there it can be a little pink, but below the slats it is usually white. With age, the stem only yellows slightly, but becomes more or less rough and wrinkled.
The white, firm flesh has a weak but pleasant odor and a mild hazelnut-like taste. Under the hat skin it is purple in color, but more or less lemon yellow on the surface. The meat reacts quickly and intensively to iron sulphate , turning orange-red in color. Phenol discolors it violet, but the color is less intense than that of the red-stemmed leather blubber. It reacts slowly and weakly with guaiac, but the meat turns red with 10% formalin.
Microscopic features
The egg-shaped spores are (7–) 8–10 µm long and 6–8 (–9) µm wide and decorated with short, thorny, to burr-like or sometimes doubled warts. The ornament can be up to 1.5 μm high. The warts are sometimes irregular but rarely networked. The cystidia are like the red-stemmed leather-taupe up to 100 µm long and about 12 (-15) µm wide. The hyphae end cells of the cuticle are 2-3 µm wide. Sometimes the hyphae are also bulbous and 6–8 (–10) µm wide or they are twisted, contracted and sometimes more or less elongated. Under the microscope they are almost as refractive as primordial hyphae , but cannot be stained with the usual reagents.
Species delimitation
The red-stemmed leather blubber is very similar, and especially the shiny leather blubber. Many authors therefore consider the purple-brown leather blotch to be only a variety of the shiny leather blotch, but the skin of the hat is much more matt and the spores are ornamented less like a gauze or net.
Ecology and diffusion
The purple-brown leather deafblings are, like all deafblings, a mycorrhizal fungus that usually forms a symbiosis with beech . However, he may also be able to enter into a partnership with Fichten . You can find the heat-loving Täubling in red beech and hornbeam-oak forests on mostly heavy, clayey or highly compacted soils.
The fungus occurs both in Europe and in western North America. The fungus is very rare in Germany and is listed on the Red List in hazard category RL 2. Only a few sites are known in Bavaria, Baden-Württemberg and Rhineland-Palatinate, but it can be found at its sites every year.
Systematics
Inquiry systematics
The purple-brown leather blotch is placed by Bon in the Olivaceinae subsection , which is below the Alutacea section. All representatives of this subsection are relatively large, taste mild, have yellow spore powder, yellow to suede-brown lamellas and hats of various colors. The purple-violet phenol reaction of the fruiting bodies is very typical.
Subspecies and varieties
- Russula vinosobrunnea var. Paraolivacea Macel Bon (1988)
- The hat is up to 15 cm wide and initially colored olive, but later turns reddish-wine-red. The stem is white, sometimes tinged with reddish or pink in the lower part. The meat reacts red currant with phenol. The guaiac is weakly positive. The variety can be found in the Mediterranean under stone or downy oaks .
- Russula vinosobrunnea var. Perplexa Sarnari (2005).
meaning
The purple-brown leather blubber is edible, but because of its rarity as an edible mushroom, it does not play a role. After consuming the closely related red-stemmed leather taupe, some mushroom pickers in Italy had an intolerance reaction. It is therefore advisable to cook the mushrooms well, as this will destroy the substances that can trigger an intolerance reaction.
literature
- Russula vinosobrunnea. In: Russula database. CBS Fungal Biodiversity Center, accessed June 7, 2011 .
- H. Romagnesi: Russula vinosobrunnea. In: Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord (1967). MycoBank, the Fungal website, accessed June 7, 2011 (French).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Russula vinosobrunnea. (PDF (1.4 MB)) Monographic Key to European Russulas. In: The Russulales website w3.uwyo.edu. 1988, p. 94 , archived from the original on July 28, 2010 ; Retrieved June 6, 2011 (English, translation by M. Bon's Russula key).
- ↑ a b Russula vinosobrunnea. (PDF DOC) Russulas. Micologia.biz Web de micología Europea, p. 103 , accessed June 6, 2011 (Spanish).
- ↑ a b c d Roger Phillips: Russula vinosobrunnea. (No longer available online.) In: rogersmushrooms.com. RogersMushrooms website, formerly the original ; accessed on June 6, 2011 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 510.
- ^ Belgian List 2012 - Russula vinosobrunnea. Accessed June 7, 2012 (Täubling rare).
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula vinosobrunnea. (No longer available online.) In: data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on May 3, 2014 ; Retrieved August 21, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ GI Zervakis: Mycodiversity studies in selected ecosystems of Greece: III. Macrofungi recorded in Quercus forests from southern Peloponnese. Mycotaxon 84. In: cybertruffle.org.uk. 2002, p. 157 , accessed on August 26, 2011 .
- ↑ Russula vinosobrunnea in the PilzOek database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 21, 2011 .
- ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas | Russula vinosobrunnea. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved May 6, 2012 .
- ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved October 12, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Science4you Red Lists. (No longer available online.) In: Science4you.org. Archived from the original on July 26, 2012 ; Retrieved June 7, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Recommendations for mushroom consumption. In: vapko.ch. Retrieved June 7, 2011 .
Web links
- Spore drawing of Russula vinosobrunnea after H. Romagnesi, (1967), website of the CBS Fungal Biodiversity Center. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
- Synonyms of Russula vinosobrunnea. Index Fungorum, accessed June 7, 2011 .
- Russula vinosobrunnea. In: Russulales News . Bart Buyck, accessed June 7, 2011 (original Latin diagnosis).
- Russula vinosobrunnea. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved June 2, 2014 (Italian, photos of the purple-brown leather Täubling).
