Wenceslaus III (Bohemia)

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Wenceslaus III with the Bohemian, Polish and Hungarian crowns. Illustration in the Chronicon Aulae Regiae, 1305–1339

Wenceslaus III .; Lithograph by Josef Kriehuber after a drawing by Moritz von Schwind ; circa 1828

Wenceslaus III (* October 6, 1289 ; † August 4, 1306 in Olomouc ) was King of Hungary from 1301 , King of Bohemia and Titular King of Poland from 1305 . With Wenceslaus III. the Přemyslid dynasty died out in the royal line.

Life

Wenceslaus III was the only son of King Wenceslas II and his wife Guta von Habsburg . After the Arpaden died out , he was crowned King of Hungary as Ladislaus V on August 27, 1301 in Stuhlweissenburg . After his father's death in 1305 he inherited the Bohemian and Polish crowns that his father had acquired shortly before. In addition to the crowns, he also inherited the war with Albrecht I and the uprising in Poland led by Władysław I Ellenlang , as well as unrest in Hungary.

Pope Boniface VIII , who claimed feudal sovereignty over Hungary, finally declared the rule over Poland and Hungary invalid. After a few weeks he concluded a peace treaty with King Albrecht I, who tried to enforce the Pope's judgment through campaigns. Wenzel lost the Egerland as well as the parts of the Vogtland and the Mark Meissen that were in Bohemian hands . He lost the Hungarian crown to Otto von Bayern .

He concentrated his claim to rule now on the Polish territories. He married Viola Elisabeth von Teschen from the Piast dynasty, and joined a number of German knights who supported him in negotiations with the Poles. At the same time he began preparations for a military campaign with which he wanted to strengthen his power. On August 4, 1306 he was murdered in the house of the Olomouc cathedral dean. The killer is unknown.

Wenceslas's body was buried in Wenceslas Cathedral in Olomouc and in 1326 transferred to the burial place of the Přemyslids in the collegiate church of the King's Hall .

Succession

Wenceslaus III was married to Viola Elisabeth von Teschen . With him the Přemyslids died out in the male line. Another wave of violence flared up in Bohemia when the powerful nobles tried to expand their lands and fortunes during the power vacuum. There were usurpations of church assets. At the same time they tried to redress injustices that had been experienced. After an intermezzo between the Habsburgs and Meinhardins on the Bohemian throne, John I, the first representative of the House of Luxembourg, followed .

Web links

Commons : Wenceslaus III. (Bohemia)  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Works to Wenceslaus III. in the bibliography portal LitDok East Central Europe

References and comments

1. ^ Ferdinand Opll: News from Medieval Vienna: Contemporaries report . Böhlau Verlag, Vienna 1995, ISBN 3-205-98372-6 , p. 63 ( books.google.de ).
2. ^ Jörg K. Hoensch : History of Bohemia . Munich 1987, p. 111 .

predecessor	Office	successor
Wenceslas II	King of Bohemia 1305–1306	Rudolf I.
Wenceslaus I.	(Titular) King of Poland 1305–1306	Władysław I. A cubit long
Andrew III	King of Hungary 1301–1305	Otto