Wasp core club

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Wasp core club
Fruit bodies of Ophiocordyceps sphecocephala on the carcass of a wasp species in Yunnan

Fruit bodies of Ophiocordyceps sphecocephala on the carcass of a wasp species in Yunnan .

Systematics
Class : Sordariomycetes
Subclass : Hypocreomycetidae
Order : Crust ball mushrooms (Hypocreales)
Family : Ophiocordycipitaceae
Genre : Ophiocordyceps
Type : Wasp core club
Scientific name
Ophiocordyceps sphecocephala
( Klotzsch ex Berk. ) GH Sung , JM Sung , Hywel-Jones & Spatafora

The Wasp ophiocordycipitaceae ( Ophiocordyceps sphecocephala ) is a parasitic fungus -Art from the order of crustal ball mushroom-like , on the wasps grow.

features

Macroscopic features

The simply built stroma arises from the thorax or between the thorax and head of the host, a wasp . It is 2 to 5, sometimes up to 11 inches long and stalked. The stem is 0.5 to 1 millimeter thick, ocher to creamy yellow, slender, thread-shaped and often slightly twisted. It is seldom branched at the top. The fertile head is usually spindle-shaped to ovoid. It is 5 to 8 × 1.5 to 2 millimeters in size, it is initially light cream-colored to brownish yellow and becomes ocher-colored, cream-yellow to yellowish brown when ripe. Due to the perithecia it has a rough surface.

Microscopic features

The actual fruiting bodies, the perithecia , are completely embedded in the stroma . They are conical, sloping with a curved neck, and are 900 to 1000 × 200 to 250 microns in size. According to other authors, however, they are only 320 to 640 × 192 to 256 micrometers in size. The tubes (asci) are translucent , cylindrical, have a clear 4 to 5 micrometer thick cover at the apex and are 500 to 600 × 4 to 6 micrometers in size. You always have eight spurs . The spores are thread-like and translucent. They often break open in the ascus in 10 to 14 × 1.5 to 2.5 micrometers in size, spindle-shaped partial spores.

Ecology and diffusion

The wasp core lobe parasitizes on at least 16 different species of wasps and bees , from the families of the real bees , Crabronidae , Sphecidae and especially from the family of wasps with 12 different species of the genera Polistes , Vespa and Vespula .

The species is widespread. In Asia it occurs in China in the Chinese provinces of Zhejiang , Anhui , Guangdong and Tibet , but also in Taiwan, Thailand, Nepal, Japan and Korea. There are also finds from South (Colombia) and North America (USA, Jamaica) known.

meaning

In liquid culture, the wasp core club produces polysaccharide - peptide complexes that can inhibit cancer cells.

Systematics

The wasp core club was first described in 1843 by Johann Friedrich Klotzsch as Sphaeria sphaecocephala from wasps in Central America, but the species was published by Miles Joseph Berkeley . Later it was placed as Cordyceps sphecocephala in the large genus of the core clubs ( Cordyceps ) within the Clavicipitaceae . In 2007 the core clubs were divided into three genera in two different families by Sung Gi-ho , Sung Jae-mo , Nigel L. Hywel-Jones and Joseph W. Spatafora . Ophiocordyceps nutans is part of the Ophiocordycipitaceae. The minor fruit form is called Hymenostilbe sphecocephala .

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Zhishu Bi, Guoyang Zheng, Li Taihui: The Macrofungus Flora of China's Guangdong Province . Chinese University Press, 1993, ISBN 978-962-201-556-2 , pp. 734 ( available online ).
  2. ↑ a b c d Ophiocordyceps sphecocephala (Klotzsch ex Berk.) GH Sung, JM Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora. Retrieved November 25, 2017 .
  3. ↑ a b Michael Beug, Alan E. Bessette, Arleen R. Bessette: Ascomycete Fungi of North America: A Mushroom Reference Guide . 1st edition. University of Texas Press, 2014, ISBN 978-0-292-75453-9 ( available online via book preview ).
  4. ↑ a b Shrestha B., Tanaka E., Hyun MW., Han JG., Kim CS., Jo JW., Han SK., Oh J., Sung JM., Sung GH .: Mycosphere Essay 19. Cordyceps species parasitizing hymenopteran and hemipteran insects . In: Mycosphere . tape 8 , no. 9 , October 2017, p. 1424-1442 , doi : 10.5943 / mycosphere / 8/9/8 ( mycosphere.org [PDF]).
  5. ↑ Oh JY, Baek YM, Kim SW, Hwang HJ, Hwang HS, Lee SH, Yun JW .: Apoptosis of human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) and neuroblastoma (SKN-SH) cells induced by polysaccharides-peptide complexes produced by submerged mycelial culture of an entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps sphecocephala. In: J Microbiol Biotechnol. tape 18 , no. 3 , 2008, p. 512-519 ( jmb.or.kr ).
  6. ↑ Nigel Hywel-Jones: Cordyceps sphecocephala and a Hymenostilbe sp. infecting wasps and bees in Thailand . In: Mycol. Res. Band 99 , no. 2 , 1995, p. 154-158 ( cordyceps.us [PDF]).
  7. ↑ GH Sung, NL Hywel-Jones, JM Sung, JJ Luangsa-Ard, B. Shrestha et al: Phylogenetic classification of Cordyceps and the clavicipitaceous fungi. In: Studies in Mycology. 57, 2007, pp. 5-59. doi: 10.3114 / sim.2007.57.01 .
  8. ↑ MycoBank: sphecocephala Ophiocordyceps . Retrieved November 25, 2017 .

Web links

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