West Indian cedar
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West Indian cedar ( Cedrela odorata ), young plants |
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| Cedrela odorata | ||||||||||||
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The West Indian cedar ( Cedrela odorata ), also botanically confusing (cedaras are deciduous trees, cedars are conifers), West Indian cedar , Spanish cedar or Cedro after its shortened Spanish name , is a plant species in the mahogany family (Meliaceae). This species grows from Mexico across the Caribbean and Central America to tropical South America . It was introduced in the Pacific in Hawaii and the Galapagos Islands , in the Indian Ocean in Madagascar, and in the African countries of South Africa , Tanzania , Ghana , Sierra Leone , Nigeria and Ivory Coast .
description
Vegetative characteristics
Cedrela odorata grows as a deciduous tree and reaches heights of about 10 meters. The branches have bare bark with sparsely distributed lenticels . The alternate and spirally arranged leaves on the branches are at least 30 cm long and pinnate in pairs. The 17 or 19 leaflets arranged more or less opposite to each other on the leaf hachis have a 1 to 1.5 cm long stem and an egg-shaped, elongated or elliptical blade with a length of 8 to 12 cm and a width of 3.5 to 4 cm smooth or sawn edges with rounded or beveled base and pointed upper end, membranous, glabrous on both sides and having ten to twelve lateral nerves on each side of the raised median nerve.
Generative characteristics
The bare, thinly branched, umbrella- shaped inflorescences are shorter than the leaves. The hermaphroditic, five-fold flowers have a double flower envelope and are relatively small and elongated to ellipsoid. The five sepals are fused and hairy sparsely downy. The five free, white petals are elongated to elliptical and prickly and hairy on both sides with a length of about 8 mm. The discus is bare. There is a circle with five free stamens inset on the tip of the disc. Five carpels have grown together to form a bare, five- chamber ovary. There are twelve ovules in each ovary chamber . The stylus is bare.
The bald capsule fruit is elongated to ellipsoidal with a length of 4 cm and has light-colored lenticels.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 56.
Systematics
The first publication of Cedrela odorata was in 1759 by Carl von Linné in Systema Naturae 10th edition, 2, p. 940. As a lectotype in 1960 P. Browne: Civil & Nat. Hist. Jamaica , 1756, plate 10, figure 1 established by CE Smith in Fieldiana, Bot. , 29 (5), p. 314. Synonyms for Cedrela odorata L. are: Cedrela adenophylla Mart. , Cedrela brachystachya (C.DC.) C.DC. , Cedrela brownii Loefl. ex Kuntze , Cedrela caldasana C.DC. , Cedrela ciliolata S.F. Blake , Cedrela cubensis Bisse , Cedrela dugesii S.Watson , Cedrela glaziovii C.DC. , Cedrela guianensis A. Juss. , Cedrela hassleri (C.DC.) C.DC. , Cedrela huberi Ducke , Cedrela imparipinnata C.DC. , Cedrela longipes S.F. Blake , Cedrela longipetiolulata Harms , Cedrela mexicana M. Roem. , Cedrela mexicana var. Puberula C. DC. , Cedrela mourae C.DC. , Cedrela occidentalis C.DC. & Rose , Cedrela odorata var. Xerogeiton Rizzini & Heringer , Cedrela palustris Handro , Cedrela paraguariensis Mart. , Cedrela paraguariensis var. Brachystachya C.DC. , Cedrela paraguariensis var. Hassleri C.DC. , Cedrela paraguariensis var. Multijuga C.DC. , Cedrela rotunda S.F. Blake , Cedrela sintenisii C.DC. , Cedrela velloziana M. Roem . , Cedrela whitfordii S.F.Blake , cedrela yucatana S.F.Blake , Surenus brownii Kuntze , Surenus glaziovii (C.DC.) Kuntze , Surenus guianensis (A.Juss.) Kuntze , Surenus mexicana (M.Roem.) Kuntze , Surenus velloziana (M. Roem.) Kuntze .
use
The wood of the West Indian cedar is often used as a substitute for mahogany due to its good machinability . In addition, the Spanish cedar is an almost indispensable building material for concert guitar necks and cigar humidors . The subtle smell of the wood harmonises pleasantly with the cigar and at the same time keeps pests away from it. Essential oil , which is known as West Indian cedar oil , is also extracted from the wood .
Hazard and protection
The Cedrela odorata is due to the continued exploitation of the World Conservation Union IUCN in the Red List of Threatened Species performed as endangered ( "Vulnerable").
The species is listed in Appendix 3 of the Washington Convention on Endangered Species (CITES) with its populations in Colombia , Guatemala and Peru . The trade in logs, sawn wood and veneer sheets of this kind is therefore subject to certain conditions.
swell
- Hua Peng & David J. Mabberley: Cedrela in der Flora of China , Volume 11, p. 115: Cedrela odorata - online.
- Barbara B. Cintron: Data sheet: Cedro Hembra, Spanish-Cedar at na.fs.fed.us (English with a long list of secondary literature).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Cedrela odorata at PROTA4U, accessed on November 17, 2017.
- ↑ Cedrela mexicana at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
- ↑ First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
- ↑ Cedrela odorata at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
- ^ Robert Tisserand, Rodney Young: Essential Oil Safety. Second Edition, Churchill Livingstone, 2014, ISBN 978-0-443-06241-4 , pp. 240 f.
- ↑ Cedrela odorata in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2009. Posted by: Americas Regional Workshop (Conservation & Sustainable Management of Trees, Costa Rica, November 1996), 1998. Accessed January 27, 2010 ..
- ^ The CITES Appendices. CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, accessed on January 27, 2010 (English, The Appendixes of the Washington Convention, CITES).
