Westphalian-East Frisian Landwehr
The Westphalian-East Frisian Landwehr was set up in 1813 for the wars of liberation against Napoleon Bonaparte . It consisted of five infantry - regiments .
history
After the battle of Jena and Auerstedt (1806), East Frisia became part of the Kingdom of Holland and was thus under French influence. From 1810, as the Ems-Orientale department , it belonged directly to the first French empire . In 1811 the first East Frisian recruits were recruited for the Grande Armée . Dutch and French rule ended after Napoleon's defeat in the Russian campaign in 1812 , when the East Prussian Landwehr began to shake off foreign rule in the winter of 1813.
When the French soldiers withdrew from East Frisia, King Friedrich Wilhelm III called. all men capable of military service in East Frisia to join the Landwehr (military) or the Landsturm . Countless volunteers reported to the collection points. On the Blücherplatz in the north (East Frisia) , the East Frisian volunteer hunter department was put together and later supplemented by departments from Tecklenburg and Lingen (Ems) . Major Karl Friedrich Friccius became the commander .
Helping each other
The Crown of Prussia united the (Napoleonic) Kingdom of Westphalia and East Frisia to form the Generalgouvernement between the Weser and the Rhine . When Prussian troops again moved into East Frisia between 1813 and 1815, the old borders of East Frisia were restored. East Frisian soldiers took part in the battle of Ligny and Belle Alliance (Waterloo).
The 3rd Westphalian Landwehr Infantry Regiment belonged to the 3rd Brigade (Major General von Jagow) of the 1st Army Corps under Lieutenant General Hans Ernst Karl von Zieten . After the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig in November 1813, East Frisian Landwehr men replaced the heavy losses of the East Prussian Landwehr.
Train to France
After the formation of the volunteer troops and field exercises in the north in June 1815, the recruits marched via Hage to Aurich , where other young people fit for service joined them. The battalion reached Lingen on June 20 . A further contingent from the Emsland and the Tecklenburger Land increased the contingent there . On the march, the department passed Wesel and reached Le Neubourg in Normandy at the end of August 1815 . Further stations were St. Quentin in Picardy , Cambrai and Mons . On the return march, the troops camped on January 21, 1816 in a collection point near Bochum , from where the compatriots were released in groups.
literature
- Gerhard Canzler : East Frisian Everyday Life in the French Period. Billing in the North - Recovered Letters . Ostfreesland-Kalender, Norden, 1992, pp. 235 ff., Full text
- Gerhard Andreas von Garrelts: The East Frisians in the German Wars of Liberation: History of the former 3rd West Phelian-East Frisian Landwehr Infantry Regiment, the volunteer hunters, the cavalry, the replacement and reserve battalion from their formation until their dissolution in the war years 1813, 1814 and 1815, together with a general overview of the war events of this time , reprint of the edition Leer 1856, Wiesbaden 1981, ISBN 3-88706-020-2 ; Reprint Kessinger Publisher 2010, digital version of the texts from 1856
- Friedrich Harkort : The times of the first Westphalian (sixteenth) Landwehr regiment 1813-1815 (1841). New edition by Wolfgang Köllmann , Hagen 1964
- Ludwig von Vincke : The reports of the military and civil governor in the provinces between Weser and Rhine 1813 - 1815
- Alfred von Waldersee : History of the organization of the Landwehr in the military government between Weser and Rhine in 1813 and 1814.
- Karl Friedrich Friccius, Heinrich Beitzke, Writings left behind by Dr. Carl Friccius, Royal Prussia. General auditor of the army, along with a life sketch of the same , [1] with criticism of the book by Garrelts
- Ziesing, Dirk: The East Frisian-Lingen-Tecklenburg Landwehr Infantry Regiment (3rd Westphalian) in the Wars of Liberation 1813-1815 . agenda Verlag , Münster 2017, ISBN 978-3-89688-592-0