Meadow Horsetail

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Meadow Horsetail
Meadow horsetail (Equisetum pratense), illustration

Meadow horsetail ( Equisetum pratense ), illustration

Systematics
Ferns
Class : Equisetopsida
Order : Horsetail (Equisetales)
Family : Horsetail Family (Equisetaceae)
Genre : Horsetail ( Equisetum )
Type : Meadow Horsetail
Scientific name
Equisetum pratense
Honor

The meadow horsetail or grove horsetail ( Equisetum pratense ) is a species of the genus horsetail ( Equisetum ). It is widespread in the northern hemisphere in Europe , northern Asia and North America .

description

Meadow horsetail ( Equisetum pratense ), herbarium evidence
Habitus

The meadow horsetail is a geophyte and reaches a height of 10 to 30, rarely up to 60 centimeters. Fertile and sterile shoots are designed differently in this species, but develop at the same time. The fertile shoots are yellowish-brown and unbranched. They turn green after the spores ripen and then branch out, making them resemble the sterile sprouts. The sterile shoots are grass green. Their tip is often bent over. The central cavity of the stem takes up over half of the stem cross section.

The stem leaf sheaths are bluish-green and funnel-shaped. Their teeth are free, permanent, and are present in the same number as the 10 to 20 stem ribs. The teeth are the same length as the vagina itself. The side branches are usually unbranched, have three (or rarely five) ribs and are not hollow.

The sporangia ear is blunt and 15 to 40 millimeters long. The spores are formed in May and June.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 216.

Occurrence and endangerment

The meadow horsetail is circumpolar. It is a Nordic-continental, submeridional / montane to boreal flora element . It is widespread in the northern hemisphere in Europe , northern Asia and North America . In Europe, its area extends north to Iceland , Great Britain , Ireland and Northern Europe , east to the eastern part of Central Europe ; south to the Alps and the Carpathians .

In Central Europe it is scattered in northern Germany and the Eastern Alps , otherwise rare and has the western limit of its distribution here. In some German federal states it is considered to be endangered. In Austria , the meadow horsetail is absent in Vienna and Vorarlberg, is otherwise scattered to rare and endangered in the Bohemian Massif and in the southeastern Alpine foothills .

The meadow horsetail grows in moist forests, especially in alluvial and swamp forests, and bushes and prefers lime-poor, but base-rich and moist soils . It occurs from the montane to the subalpine altitude range . In the phytosociological system, it is an association characteristic species of riparian forests (Alno Ulmion minoris) and the oak-hornbeam forests ( Carpinion betuli ).

supporting documents

  • Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
  • Rudolf Schubert , Klaus Werner, Hermann Meusel (eds.): Excursion flora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 13th edition. tape 2 : vascular plants . People and knowledge, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-06-012539-2 .
  • Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (ed.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . 2nd, supplemented edition. tape 1 : General Part, Special Part (Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta): Lycopodiaceae to Plumbaginaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1993, ISBN 3-8001-3322-9 .

Web links

Commons : Meadow Horsetail ( Equisetum pratense )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files