Wiesen-Stäubling
| Wiesen-Stäubling | ||||||||||||
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Meadow Stäubling ( Lycoperdon pratense ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Lycoperdon pratense | ||||||||||||
| Pers. : Pers. |
The meadow dusting or meadow dust cup ( Lycoperdon pratense , syn. Vascellum pratense ) is a type of mushroom from the family of mushroom relatives (Agaricaceae). Its inverted pear-shaped fruiting bodies are covered with ephemeral, multi-part spines. Only young, completely white-fleshed specimens are edible. When ripe, the headboard sags and rips open at the top. Inside is then brown spore powder. A separating membrane between the head and handle is also typical. The Wiesen-Stäubling populates meadows, pastures, lawns and is only rarely found in sparse forests. The common type is widespread in Central Europe. For a long time the fungus was assigned to the genus Vascellum , but phylogenetic studies show a close relationship with other species of stubber.
features
Macroscopic features
The shape ( habitus ) of the fruiting body resembles an upside-down pear or a top. The approximately 1.5–6 cm wide structure initially has a creamy white to creamy yellowish color and, with age, a brownish color. The outer shell ( peridia ) is covered with 0.5–1 mm long spines, which consist of several elements and leave no pattern when falling off. In between there are fine, sticky particles. The spore-producing head part ( gleba ) of the fruiting body is separated from the sterile stem part (subgleba) by a parchment-like , about 0.5 mm thick membrane (diaphragm). As the spores ripen , the fruiting body collapses in the middle and appears depressed. Next, a small opening that will soon be torn open appears at the apex, which in the end measures almost the entire width of the fruiting body. Inside is brown spore powder. The meat ( trama ) smells and tastes unspecific.
Microscopic features
The spore container that collapses when ripe results from the sparsely developed system of thick-walled, supporting fungal threads ( capillitium fibers ) inside. Instead, there are plenty of thin-walled and hardly or not branched fungal threads ( hyphae ). They are 3–8 µm thick and transparent ( hyaline ) to yellowish in color. The spherical, thin-walled and finely ornamented spores measure 3–4.5 µm in diameter. The connections ( sterigms ) to the stands ( basidia ) on which the spores grow break off when ripe and leave no or only short residues on the distribution units.
Species delimitation
Other species of stubber may look similar, but when the spores are ripe, they do not have such a steep head part and no membrane between the head and stem part.
Ecology and phenology
The Wiesen-Stäubling grows in grassy locations such as poor meadows, dry grass, cattle pastures, garden and park lawns as well as green strips on roads and paths. It is also rarely found in spruce and pine forests. It colonizes both lean to nitrogen-poor and moderately nitrogen-rich to nitrogen-rich subsoil. The fungus can be found on fresh to dry soils of sand, clay and limestone, as well as pararendzins . The species occurs from the lowlands to the mountains.
The fruiting bodies sometimes appear as early as spring, but mostly from July to September. The remains will last until next spring.
meaning
Young specimens whose flesh is still white are edible.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Ewald Gerhardt: FSVO manual mushrooms . 3. Edition. BLV, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-405-14737-9 , p. 508 (one-volume new edition of the BLV intensive guide mushrooms 1 and 2).
- ↑ a b c d Walter Jülich: The non-leaf mushrooms, gelatinous mushrooms and belly mushrooms . In: Small cryptogam flora . Volume IIb: Basidiomycetes. 1st chapter. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart / New York 1984, ISBN 3-437-20282-0 , p. 503-504 .
- ↑ a b c German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , pp. 154-155.
- ^ Andreas Bresinsky , Christian Düring, Wolfgang Ahlmer: Vascellum pratense (Pers.: Pers.) Kreisel. In: PILZOEK database on the Internet. Distribution and ecology of Central European mushroom species. 2. Update. 2007, accessed February 15, 2014 .
