Wilhelmstrasse 26 (Heilbronn)

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The house Wilhelmstrasse 26 in Heilbronn was from 1894 to 1895 in the style of the early days built. It was the home of the wealthy Jewish families Adler and Oppenheimer, from 1937 also the headquarters of the company Emil Oppenheimer & Co. In 1939 the " Aryanization " took place, the house became the seat of a local NSDAP group and was inhabited by a NS official . The building collapsed on January 9, 1948 due to severe damage during the war.

The fate of the Jewish house in the Third Reich and the events surrounding the reimbursement procedure for the building Wilhelmstraße 26 with parcel 4811/2 are described in the chronicle of the city of Heilbronn: 1945–1951 . In 1953, the site was rebuilt according to plans by the architect Kurt Marohn at the same location by a leading regional car dealership. The business building in a style that was perceived as modern in the 1950s is described by Werner Gauss in his Heilbronn city guide . Listed yesterday and today (1954). In 1989 it was converted into a “social house” for the unemployment initiative, the unemployed people and a Turkish association, with the aim of preserving the “character of the building”.

House Adler / Oppenheimer (1937)

House of the Jewish Adler and Oppenheimer family
House Wilhelmstrasse 26, detail with bay window and spire
Emil Oppenheimer & Co. in Heilbronn Invoice issued on September 24, 1908.
Wilhelmstrasse 26: Ex-Heermann car dealership opened on December 19, 1953. Plans by architect Kurt Marohn
Ex-car dealership Heermann, corner

(in some cases only years of mention in the archives )

description

The residential building at Wilhelmstrasse 26, built in 1894/95, was a corner house on the corner of Wilhelmstrasse and Luisenstrasse in Heilbronn. Two floors rose above a basement and ended with a low mezzanine floor . There was a meander frieze between the ground floor and first floor . The facade facing Wilhelmstrasse was divided into four axes, while that on Luisenstrasse was divided into three axes. The corner view of the building was emphasized by an architecturally elaborate console bay window . The bay window had a high spire and gave the corner view the main focus. Pilasters with Ionic capitals and volutes adorned the bay window and supported a tall, ornate architrave on which the tall spire rested. The windowsill in the piano nobile (first floor) was designed elaborately, with balusters in the railing fields and Fensterverdachungen on consoles .

history

The merchant Sigmund Adler lived in the building with his family. In 1937 the house also became the seat of the Jewish businessman Richard Oppenheimer, who had taken over the Emil Oppenheimer & Co. company. The globally active company had made Emil Oppenheimer one of Württemberg's millionaires and was last managed by Emil Oppenheimer's nephew, Richard. In its heyday, Emil Oppenheimer & Co. had warehouses in Rotterdam, Hamburg, Cologne, and branches in New York and Chicago.

Eugen, Hedwig (née Freundlich) and the girls Elfriede, Hilde and Margot Adler also lived in the house until 1938, and they ran a skin and leather goods shop there until 1937. On December 22, 1938, the Jewish couple Richard Oppenheimer (November 2, 1872 - November 20, 1941) and Gertrud Oppenheimer, nee. Adler (December 14, 1884 -?) - sell the house to the city for around 30,000  Reichsmarks . The purchase value was RM 35,100.

From then on, the house housed the NSDAP local group Heilbronn / Rosenberg and also the apartment of the deputy district leader , Rector Georg Zeller. Parts of the property were sold on October 25, 1939 to the long-established Heilbronner Kunstanstalt and printing company Weisert & Daur .

The following are registered as deported Jewish citizens who were registered in the building at Wilhelmstrasse 26: Gertrud Oppenheimer, presumably murdered in the Izbica concentration camp , date of death unknown; Sofie Rothschild , presumably murdered on February 20, 1943 in the Theresienstadt concentration camp ; Hermine Strauss, presumably murdered in Auschwitz concentration camp , date of death unknown and Max Strauss presumably murdered on June 17, 1944 in Theresienstadt concentration camp.

In the war the house was heavily damaged, but the ruin fell after a strong storm on January 9, 1948 completely. After the property was returned on March 2, 1950 to Alfred Oppenheimer (July 22, 1909 -?), The son and sole heir of Richard and Gertrud Oppenheimer, he received 700 German marks for the use of the house . The entire refund process lasted until 1970 and ended with a settlement .

Heermann car dealership (1953)

On December 19, 1953, the Heermann dealership, planned and built by Kurt Marohn , was opened on the property . In 1953 it was the “leading car company in North Württemberg and North Baden”, which represented Magirus-Deutz , Tempo , Faun and NSU -Fiat works. The importance of the car dealership is clear from Werner Gauss , who presents the car dealership on Wilhelmstrasse, alongside a commercial building on Allee and the Merkur department store on Fleiner Tor, as one of the few examples of new commercial buildings in 1953. The building stood out in 1953 due to its unusual and rare architecture - "an [...] architecturally unusual and charming accent [...] like we don't have too many in Heilbronn". The building is an example of a modern purpose-built architecture - "Sample of a modern purpose-built building ... You can see from this building in which direction the modern purpose-built architecture is moving." Elements that "highlight the building in the street scene" are the concrete skeleton and the "emphasized color". The skeleton is said to be "gracefully executed", it carries the structure with an "admirable ease" and draws the "lines" of the individual floors. The color of the parapets is dark terracotta, the blinds are striped in blue and white. The skeleton and the color give the building a “lively, indeed challenging, fresh character”.

"Social House" (1989)

In 1989 the dealership moved from Wilhelmstrasse to Neckarsulmer Strasse. Thereupon the house was converted by the city of Heilbronn according to plans of the Heilbronn architect Lothar Kohler as a "social house" for more than one million DM and then handed over to the unemployment initiative Heilbronn eV , the non-settled aid Heilbronn eV and the Turkish sports and leisure association eV . The state of Baden-Württemberg , the then state welfare association Württemberg-Hohenzollern and the district of Heilbronn contributed 300,000 marks. The building mayor Ulrich Bauer emphasized that the “character of the building” would not be called into question by its future use.

swell

Web links

Commons : Wilhelmstraße 26 (Heilbronn)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Description of the use in the 3rd Reich in the chronicle
  2. ↑ Description of reparation in the chronicle
  3. ↑ a b City of Heilbronn (ed.): Address and business manual of the city of Heilbronn 1893/94. P. 173, No. 26 at Wilhelmstrasse did not even exist. As well as: City of Heilbronn (ed.): Address and business manual of the city of Heilbronn 1894/95. P. 170, No. 26 on Wilhelmstrasse exists only now and Sigmund Adler is mentioned there.
  4. ↑ Franke: History and Fate of the Jews in Heilbronn…. P. 290 (Israelite community list of April 1, 1937).
  5. ↑ a b Schrenk, Weckbach: "... for your account and risk". Invoices and letterheads from Heilbronn companies. P. 86 (Emil Oppenheimer & Co. - invoice issued on September 24, 1908.)
  6. ^ Rudolf Martin: Yearbook of the wealth and income of the millionaires in Württemberg with Hohenzollern. Berlin 1914, p. 30.
  7. ↑ Franke: History and Fate of the Jews in Heilbronn…. P. 355 (list of emigrants)
  8. ↑ Franke: History and Fate of the Jews in Heilbronn…. P. 287 (Israelite community list of April 1, 1937)
  9. ↑ on the HEUSS database, enter the signature: "B033-467" for signature in the expert search mask.
    Franke: History and fate of the Jews in Heilbronn…. , P. 290 (Israelite community list from April 1, 1937)
    Alexander Renz / Susanne Schlösser: Chronicle of the city of Heilbronn. Volume VI: 1945-1951, Heilbronn 1995, p. 220 and P. 373; Franke: History and fate of the Jews in Heilbronn…. , P. 137 (VIII. Synagogue fire and Kristallnacht) and p. 311 (Documentation I. The victims. Lists of all deportees and those who perished in the deportation, as well as the victims in the sanatoriums, on the way to deportation and by suicide.)
  10. ↑ List of names: Fatalities of National Socialism in Heilbronn ( Memento of the original from July 13, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF) Database of stumbling blocks in Heilbronn  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / stolpersteine-heilbronn.de
  11. ↑ Alexander Renz, Susanne locks: Chronicle of the city of Heilbronn. Volume VI: 1945-1951, Heilbronn 1995, p. 220 and P. 373.
  12. ↑ on the HEUSS database, enter the signature: "B033-467" for signature in the expert search mask, then the "runtime (1939) 1947-1970" appears
  13. ↑ Heermann-Heilbronn car dealership. In: Heilbronn voice . No. 293 , December 19, 1953, p. 6 .
  14. ↑ Werner Gauss: Heilbronn. Yesterday and today. 3. Edition. 1954, Gauss-Verlag Heilbronn am Neckar, p. 70 and p. 95.
  15. ↑ a b c d ts: The Heermann car house. An exemplary, modern functional building in the southern district. In: Neckar-Echo . No. 97 , December 19, 1953, p. 7 .
  16. ↑ hof: New “social house” on the old Heermann site. Building is being converted for unemployment initiatives, non-sedentary help and Turkish association. In: Heilbronn voice . No. 26 , February 1, 1989, pp. 19 .

Coordinates: 49 ° 8 '8.5 "  N , 9 ° 13' 7.9"  E