Willem Frederik Reinier Suringar

Willem Frederik Reinier Suringar

Willem Frederik Reinier Suringar (born December 28, 1832 in Leeuwarden , † July 12, 1898 in Leiden ) was a Dutch botanist. Its botanical author's abbreviation is " Suringar ".

Life

His father was the author and bookseller Gerard Tjaard Nicolaas Suringar (born June 1, 1804 in Leeuwarden; † May 13, 1884 ibid) and his mother was Alida Boudina Koopmans (born September 19, 1810 in Amsterdam, † December 25, 1890 in Leeuwarden ), Daughter of Rinse Clases Coopman and Janke Cnoop. After attending the bourgeois town school in his hometown, he attended the food school in Oostbroek in 1844. In 1848 he returned to his birthplace, where he attended high school. After he had completed the grammar school in Leeuwarden, he began in 1850 to study medicine at the University of Leiden . Here he completed his scientific examination in 1853 and concentrated on work on botany. From 1854 to 1855 he completed microscopic studies with Harting at the Technical University in Utrecht.

In 1855 he answered a prize question from the University of Leiden, for which he received a gold medal for his work Bijdrage tot de Algenflora van Nederland Observationes phycologicae in Floram Batavam (Observations on Algae of the Dutch Flora). On March 13, 1857 he received his doctorate in Leiden with the thesis Dissertatio botanica inauguralis continens observationes phycologicas in floram Batavam to the doctor of natural sciences (philosophy) and represented Willem Hendrik de Vriese (1806-1862) during his absence in the Malay Archipelago as director of the Hortus Botanicus in Leiden. Thereupon he was appointed extraordinary professor of the natural science faculty on October 3, 1857 by royal decision, with the teaching assignment for botany.

He took on this task on November 14, 1857 with the inaugural speech De beteekenis der Plantengeografie en de geest van hair onderzoek; de plantengeografie was een nieuw opkomende tak der plantkunde . In 1857 he became conservator at the herbarium of the Dutch Botanical Association and co-editor of the botanical archive (Kruidkundig Archief). Hugo de Vries , Martinus Willem Beijerinck and Melchior Treub , among others, emerged from his botanical school . On May 15, 1862 he received a full professorship and became director of the Hortus Botanicus in Leiden. As such, he also participated in the organizational tasks of the university and was rector of the Alma Mater in 1867/68 . In 1871, after the death of Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel, he became director of the Dutch national Rijks herbarium.

From 1884 to 1885 he completed a research trip with several other scientists to Paramaribo in Dutch Guiana , to Curaçao and to the neighboring islands in West India . He examined all cultures of tropical useful plants and dealt in detail with the phylogenetic development of the genera Opuntia , Cereus and Melocactus from the cactus family. Especially works on the genus Melocactus became the focus of his work in his last lifetime. Suringar was initially an opponent of Charles Darwin , but later became his ardent supporter. He had a penchant for abnormalities in the plant kingdom. His main work is a pocket flora from the Netherlands, first published in 1870. The work had ten editions by 1920 and was used to quickly and easily determine plant names.

Suringar was a member of the Dutch Botanical Society, which was dedicated to the native flora. He also received honorable memberships of the Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences in Amsterdam and a member of the Society of Sciences in Haarlem. He was appointed Knight of the Order of the Dutch Lion and in 1872 he received an honorary doctorate in medicine from the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich .

family

Suringar married Sara Valckenier (born May 31, 1838 in Amsterdam, † June 27, 1909 in Leiden), the daughter of Jan Valckenier and Sara Rodenhuis, in Arnhem on August 28, 1862. The marriage has a son and four daughters. His son Jan Suringar also became a biologist and later called himself Jan Valckenier Suringar (December 24, 1864 in Leiden October 17, 1932 in Wageningen). The daughter Alida Baudina Suringar (born November 8, 1863 in Leiden) married on August 21, 1890 in Oegstgeest with the university librarian in Amsterdam Combertus Pieter Burger (born April 10, 1858 in Gouda; † May 29, 1936 in Amsterdam). The daughter Constance Suringar (around 1867 in Leiden † February 22, 1884 in Leiden) died before her parents.

Honors

The plant genus Suringaria Pierre from the potted fruit tree family (Lecythidaceae) is named after him .

Works (selection)

• Waarnemingen over de prikkelbaarheid the Droserabladen. 1853
• Observationes Phycologicae in Floram Batavam. Leeuwarden 1857 ( online )
• The beteekenis of the planned geography en de geest van hair onderzoek. Leeuwarden 1857 ( online )
• Nieuw beschreven en voor our flora nieuwe zoetwaterwieren, verzameld in Drenthe. 1861
• Botanical excursion to the island of Schiermonnikoog. Leeuwarden 1861 ( online )
• De sarcine, onderzoek naar de plantaardige natuur, den lichaamsbouw en de ontwikkelingswetten van dit organisme. 1865
• Waarneminingen van plantaardige monstrosites. 1869
• A nieuwe soort van Argostemma. 1869
• The divorce of the chlorophyll bands at Spirogyra lineta. 1869
• Algae japonicae Musei botanici lugduno-batavi. In: Negotiations of the Hollandsche Maatschappij van Wetenschappen te Harlem. Haarlem 1870 ( online )
• Waarneming of monstreuse bloemen with fuchsia. 1870
• Illustration of the Algues de Japon. In: Musée botanique de Leide. Leiden 1872
• Illustration des espèces et formes du genre d'algues Gloiopeltis J. Ag. Leiden 1872
• Verklaring van een geval van torsie bij the stem of Valeriana officinalis. 1873
• Synanthie bij Orobanche Galii. 1873
• Sur les procédé pour obtenir une évalutation fixe des grossissements microscopiques. In: Actes du congrés international de botanque á Florence. 1874
• Handleiding dead het bepalen van de in Nederland wildgroeiende planned. Leeuwarden 1870, ( Online ), 3rd ed.
• Zakflora, handleiding tot het bepalen der in Nederland wildgroeijende planten , 1870 to 1920, 10th ed.
• Stasiatische dimerie (tweetalligheid) door storing monstruositeit eener bloem van Cypripedium venustum Wall. Amsterdam 1881
• Catalogus van de levende en gedroogde planten, afbeeldingen van planten en Beschrijvingen der Flora, Uitmakende de vijde class of afdeeling Nederlandsche Koloniën van de Internationale Koloniale en Uitvoerhandel Tentoonstelling (from 1 May –ult. October 1883 te Amsterdam). Leiden 1883
• Nederlandsch West-Indian expeditie, verslag en reisverhaal. 1885
• Melocacti novi ex insulis archipelagi indici-occidentalis neerlandicis Curaçao, Aruba et Bonaire. 1885
• Over de Nederlandsche soorten van het slaughtered Batrachium. 1894
• Het plantenrijk (Regnum vegetabile). Phylogenetic schets. Arnhem & Nijmegen 1895
• Vierde bijdrage tot de kennis of Melocacti. 1896
• Vijfde bijdrage tot de kennis of Melocacti. 1897
• Illustrations du genre Melocactus par WFR Suringar, continuées par J. Valckenier Suringar , 1897, 1903 & 1905, 3rd vol.

literature

• Jan Valkenier Suringar: SURINGAR (Willem Frederik Reinier) . In: Petrus Johannes Blok , Philipp Christiaan Molhuysen (Ed.): Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek . Part 10. N. Israel, Amsterdam 1974, Sp. 990–995 (Dutch, knaw.nl / dbnl.org - first edition: AW Sijthoff, Leiden 1937, reprinted unchanged).
• K. Schumann: Willem Frederik Reiner Suringar - Obituary. In: Negotiations of the Botanical Association of the Province of Brandenburg. R. Gaertners, Berlin, 1896, vol. 38, S. CXVII
• Ignaz Urban: Symbolae Antillance seu Fundamenta Florae Indiae Occidentalis. Bornträger, Leipzig 1903, 3rd volume, p. 133
• Hugo de Vries: WFR Suringar. In: Reports of the German Botanical Society. Bornträger, Berlin, 1899, vol. 17, p. 220

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names - Extended Edition. Part I and II. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin , Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-946292-26-5 doi: 10.3372 / epolist2018 .

Web links

Commons : Willem Frederik Reinier Suringar  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Entry at encyclopedia.com
• Record at the Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences (KNAW)
• Author entry and list of the described plant names for Willem Frederik Reinier Suringar at the IPNI