Crown lettuce

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Crown lettuce
European lettuce (Willemetia stipitata)

European lettuce ( Willemetia stipitata )

Systematics
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Cichorioideae
Tribe : Cichorieae
Genre : Willemetia
Type : Crown lettuce
Scientific name
Willemetia stipitata
( Jacq. ) Dalla Torre

The stalked lettuce ( Willemetia stipitata ) is a species of the genus Willemetia in the sunflower family (Asteraceae).

description

Illustration, the rhizome is also shown
Basal leaves
Detail of the flower head with the protruding black hairy bracts
Young achenes with a stalked pappus

Vegetative characteristics

The crown lettuce is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 14 to 45 centimeters. It forms a crooked or horizontal rhizome . The upright stem is bare at the bottom.

The leaves are arranged in a basal rosette and sometimes there are also a maximum of two stem leaves. The basal leaves are dandelion-like, bluish green, 2 to 17 inches long and 1.5 to 3 inches wide. The stem leaves are much smaller and lanceolate or scale-shaped.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period is between June and August. In a total inflorescence there are two to five cup-shaped inflorescences , or just a single flower head. The flower head stems are closely spaced with black hairs. The shell is ovoid-bell-shaped with a height of 10 to 12 millimeters and a diameter of 7 to 12 millimeters. The bracts are densely hairy black shaggy. There are only hermaphroditic, fertile , zygomorphic ray florets in each flower head . The ray-flowers are golden yellow and protrude beyond the shell.

The light brown achenes are 10 to 13 millimeters long and have a collar of transverse scales at the top at the beginning of the beak. The pappus is white.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 10.

Herbarium evidence

Occurrence

The distribution area of the crown lettuce is limited to the mountains of southern and central Europe; it occurs from the Pyrenees and the Alps to the Bavarian Forest and on the Balkan Peninsula to Albania . In Graubünden it rises to an altitude of 2,450 meters. In the Allgäu Alps, it climbs up to an altitude of 1960 meters in the Kleiner Walsertal on the Hochalpsee near Widderstein .

The crown lettuce grows on oozing, alkaline- rich swamp soils in montane spring moors on stream banks. It is a character species of the class of low and intermediate moors (Scheuchzerio-Caricetea), but also occurs in Calthion or Cardamino-Montion societies.

Systematics

The first publication was made of this kind in 1775 under the name ( Basionym ) Hieracium stipitatum by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin in Flora Austriaca , Volume 3, page 51. Within the genus Hieracium the fruit stalk of this type is also strikingly long. The specific epithet stipitata for stalked refers to the long stalked pappus. Karl Wilhelm von Dalla Torre placed this species in the genus Willemetia in 1882 . The generic name Willemetia honors the French botanist Pierre Rémi Willemet (1735–1807). A synonym for Willemetia stipitata (Jacq.) Dalla Torre is Calycocorsus stipitatus (Jacq.) Rauschert .

There are two subspecies of the species Willemetia stipitata :

  • Willemetia stipitata subsp. albanica (Kümmerle & Jávorka) Kirschnerová : it is noticeably dense with black hairs below the cup; occurs only in former Yugoslavia , northern Albania and northern Greece.
  • Willemetia stipitata (Jacq.) Dalla Torre subsp. stipitata : It occurs in the rest of the distribution area in Central and Southern Europe.

literature

  • Gerhard Wagenitz (Hrsg.): Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . Founded by Gustav Hegi. 2nd revised and expanded edition. Volume VI. Part 4: Angiospermae, Dicotyledones 4 (Compositae 2, Matricaria - Hieracium) . Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1987, ISBN 3-489-86020-9 , pp. 1076-1078, 1423 (revised reprint of the 1st edition (Volume VI / 2 from 1929) with addendum). (Sections Description and Occurrence)
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 984 .
  • Werner Greuter, Eckhard von Raab-Straube (eds.): Med-Checklist. A critical inventory of vascular plants of the circum-Mediterranean countries . Vol. 2: Dicotyledones (Compositae) . Organization for the Phyto-Taxonomic Investigation of the Mediterranean Area (OPTIMA), Genève 2008, ISBN 978-2-8279-0011-4 , pp. 793-794 .
  • Peter Derek Sell: Calycocorsus FW Schmidt. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 4: Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae) . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1976, ISBN 0-521-08717-1 , pp. 343–344 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
  • David Aeschimann, Konrad Lauber, Daniel Martin Moser, Jean-Paul Theurillat: Flora Alpina. An atlas of all 4500 vascular plants in the Alps . Volume 2, Haupt, Bern / Stuttgart / Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-258-06600-0 , p. 666.
  • Lída Kirschnerová, Jan Kirschner: A nomenclatural and taxonomic account of Willemetia (Compositae, Lactuceae, Crepidinae). In: Taxon. Volume 45, No. 4, 1996, pp. 627-630, DOI: 10.2307 / 1224246 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 .
  2. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 676.
  3. ↑ a b c d Werner Greuter : Compositae (pro parte majore) : In: Werner Greuter, Eckhard von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. : Willemetia stipitata. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2006–2009.
  4. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. online.

Web links

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