Wuding (river)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Wuding Hey
The Wuding in Suide, Shaanxi with the railway bridge of the Taiyuan – Zhongwei – Yinchuan Railway.

The Wuding in Suide , Shaanxi with the railway bridge of the Taiyuan – Zhongwei – Yinchuan Railway .

Data
location Shaanxi (China)
River system Yellow River
Drain over Yellow River  → Yellow Sea
source Outflow of Batuwan Shuiku
37 ° 58 '41 "  N , 108 ° 47' 7"  O
Source height 1200  m
muzzle at Wangjiahecun in the Yellow River Coordinates: 37 ° 2 ′ 39 "  N , 110 ° 25 ′ 50"  E 37 ° 2 ′ 39 "  N , 110 ° 25 ′ 50"  E
Mouth height 600  m
Height difference 600 m
Bottom slope 3.8 ‰
length 160 km
Left tributaries Nalin He , Hailiutu He , Yuxi He , Jinji He , Huaining He
Right tributaries Lu He , Dali He

The Wuding He ( Chinese  无 定 河 , Pinyin wú dìng hé ) is a river in Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia in China .

geography

The Wuding begins in the Ordos Plateau and flows south into the Loess Plateau area with its canyons and arable land. After about 160 km it flows into the Yellow River .

course

The wuding gets its name from the Batuwan Reservoir (巴 图 湾 水库, ba tu wan shui ku, ⊙ ) in the Uxin banner , Ordos. The main tributary of the reservoir is called Hongliu He and comes from the loess plateau itself from the southwest. When it emerges from this, it is initially dammed up in the Xinqiao Reservoir (新桥 水库, xin qiao shui ku, ⊙ ), then in the Jinjisha Reservoir (金鸡 沙 水库, Jin ji sha shui ku, Jingbian, ⊙ ). Overall, the main course of the river forms a large arch that enters the Ordos area south of the Yellow River from the Loess Plateau and then turns south, where, again in the south, it flows into the Yellow River in Shaanxi.

Near the Batuwan Reservoir , into which the Hailiutu He (l, N, ⊙ ) flows, is the Wu Ding He Te Da Qiao , the "Great River Bridge over the Wuding", where the Lu He (r, S, Hengshan Qu , ⊙ ) opens. Not far from there, in the north of the river, are the ruins of the old "White City" Tongwancheng . From there the river runs in a very narrow river bed approx. 200 m wide, in which intensive agriculture is practiced. And at Hengshan it also reaches its northernmost apex. The river flows to the east, takes up the Nalin He from the left (N) and soon afterwards forms the Wanggedu Reservoir (王 圪 堵 水库 Wang Ge du shui ku), Yulin , at Leilongwanxiang (雷 龙湾 乡) , which follows over several kilometers Extends west. It is crossed by the Yu Jing Gong Lu (Yujing Highway, Yuyang Qu), Yulin. It passes Xiangshuizhen (响 水镇) and receives an inflow from Yuxi He (l, N ⊙ ) at Yuhezhen (鱼 河镇). This is also where the route of the S 20 Yu Shang Gao Su motorway enters the valley, which it then follows. The river turns more towards the south and at Zhenchuanzhen (镇 川镇) it flows as a well-known river, the Jinji He (l, O, ⊙ ). Further south is the city of Chengjiaoxiang ((). This is followed by Zhaojiabianxiang (赵家 砭 乡) and Sishilipuzhen (四十里 铺镇, Suide). The Dali He (r, W, ⊙ ) flows out at Suide Xian and the G20 motorway crosses it in a west-east direction. At Yuchigoucun (鱼池 沟村, r, W) the Huaining He ( ⊙ , l, O) flows. At Xuejiamaozhen (薛家 峁 镇) the river begins to meander through the loess plateau in wilder loops than before, and at Hejiawancun (贺家 湾村) there are two river loops, each separated by only a few hundred meters wide headlands. The river loops come similarly close again at Xiahaojiapancun (下 郝家 畔 村, Qingjian) and at Qianzhangjiahecun (前 张家 河村). At Wangjiahecun (王家 河村) the Wuding flows into the Yellow River from the right and north. The names of the countless smaller tributaries, some of which are already significant bodies of water, are difficult to determine. The names of Hanjiang and Danjiang He should also be mentioned . The northern route of the ancient Silk Road ran along the northern part of the river, which is now followed by National Highway 210 .

history

The name of the river in Chinese means "meandering" or "walking", but also "moody" or "without a steady course". This refers to the fact that in ancient times it often changed its course. The catchment area of ​​the river was hotly contested in classical times and many battles were fought in the area or on the river. The ancient capital of the Huns, Tongwangcheng, is a testament to this. At that time it was on the back of the Great Wall of China . A poem about a battle in the 9th century is located on the bank of the river: The poem " Journey to Longxi " 《陇西 行》 (Longxi Xing) by the poet Chen Tao (陳 陶). It describes a warrior who dies on the shore, whereupon he appears to his beloved in her dreams.

"Mourn for the white skeletons on the Wuding, because they are now only men in the dreams of their young women."

The flow was used as a military limit in the period of the Warlords (1916-1928), as opium the cotton growing replaced in the fertile Lössgebieten of the river. Up until the beginning of the communist era, opium was mainly grown there.

natural reserve

The river carries a lot of sediment and in the last 30 years great efforts have been made to halt erosion in the upper reaches of the river and prevent so much sediment from being carried into the yellow river. For this purpose, terracing, reforestation and dams have been created.

Culture

The river has in the culture of the local residents, the tradition of bardic folk songs Daoqing produced. In the 19th and 20th centuries, large groups of blind storytellers and musicians emerged. This tradition was recorded in the volume "Blind Bards of The Wuding", (China Pictorial, 2006).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 誓 扫 匈奴 不顾 身 ， 五千 貂 锦 丧 胡尘。 可怜 无 定 河边 骨 ， 犹 是 春闺梦 里人。
    Have pity on the white skeletons of the Wuding River, for they are men now only in the dreams of young women.

literature

  • Songqiao Zhao: Physical geography of China. 1986.
  • Blind Bards of The Wuding. In: China Pictorial Nov 2006.