Yona Friedman

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Balkis Island (Yona Friedman and Jean-Baptiste Decavèle 2008)

Yona Friedman (* as Janos Antal Friedman on June 5, 1923 in Budapest ; † February 21, 2020 in Paris ) was a French architect and urban planner . He was known for his theory of mobile architecture and his spatial city project. He was one of the most influential figures in architecture in the late 1950s and early 1960s.

Live and act

Friedman, born into a Jewish family in Budapest, survived World War II, Jewish persecution, and the flight to Palestine and Israel . He first studied technology and economics at the Palatin-Josef University , then finished his architecture studies with Konrad Wachsmann at the Technion - Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa. He lived, learned and worked between 1945 and 1957 in Kibbutz Kfar Glikson in Palestine, then in Haifa . In 1957 he moved to Paris at the invitation of Jean Prouvé and became a French citizen in 1966. In the 1960s he taught at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Columbia University , Harvard University and Princeton University and was an advisor to the United Nations and UNESCO .

His work includes urban planning models, theoretical texts, film, and animated film. Important exhibitions include several art biennials (including Shanghai, Venice) and documenta 11 2002 in Kassel , where drawings and models were on view. He published over 500 articles and several books.

In 1956, at the X. Congrès Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne (CIAM) in Dubrovnik, he published his “Manifeste de l'architecture mobile” for the first time, which definitely questioned current architectural design and urban planning. In 1958 he published the manifesto “L'Architecture Mobile”, which is also to be regarded as the founding document of the “ Groupe d'étude d'architecture mobile (GEAM) ”, and developed spatial city concepts such as “La Ville Spatiale”. The ideas of these manifestos were visionary and far ahead of their time; the megastructures over existing cities, in which the residents of the future should flexibly design their living environment, occupied generations of architects and urban planners. Together with Ionel Schein , Walter Jonas and others, he founded the “ Groupe International d'Architecture Prospective (GIAP)” in 1965 .

Friedman died in Paris on February 21, 2020 at the age of 96. His first marriage was to Erella Schneerson until 1953, and they had a daughter. In 1967 he married the film editor Denise Charvein, who died in 2007; there was also a daughter from the marriage.

Awards (selection)

Projects

  • 1953 "Cylindrical Shelters", proposal for buildings for immigrants
  • 1957/58 "Span-Over Blocks", project for an elevated urban structure (part of the manifesto "L'Architecture Mobile")
  • 1958 “Cabins for the Sahara”, proposal for a housing project in North Africa
  • 1959 "Paris Spatial", project for a spatial structure over Paris
  • 1963 "Seven Bridge Towns to link Four Continents", project for bridge cities, a. a. in Gibraltar, across the Suez Canal and the English Channel
  • 1963 "Bridge Town over the English Channel", more detailed project (with Eckhard Schulze-Fielitz ) in the context of the Canal Tunnel discussion at the time
  • 1980 "Manilla Squatter Settlement", proposal for self-construction of apartments in urban slums
  • 1989 La Villette Science Museum, Paris, Pavilion of Simple Hydrotechnology together with Eda Schaur
  • 1992 Housing project for the homeless in Paris
  • 1994 Haram es Sharif project, Jerusalem: "Roof structure"

Fonts

  • Mobile architecture , 1958
  • Toward a Scientific Architecture. MIT Press 1975, ISBN 0-262-56019-4
  • My primer. Vieweg 1982, ISBN 3-528-08856-7
  • Feasible utopias. Rejection of common future models. Fischer 1983, ISBN 3-596-24018-2
  • Yona Friedman. Structures serving the unpredictable , 1999
  • Yona Friedman. Pro Domo. ACTAR D (Barcelona) 2006, ISBN 84-96540-51-0
  • Yona Friedman Drawings and models , 2010
  • Yona Friedman. The Dilution of Architecture , 2015

literature

  • Reyner Banham : Megastructure. Urban Futures of the Recent Past. Thames and Hudson, UK 1976, Harper & Row Publishers 1977
  • Sabine Lebesque, Helene Fentener Van Vlissingen: Yona Friedman: Structures Serving the Unpredictable. Netherlands Architecture Institute 1999, ISBN 90-5662-108-4
  • Yona Friedman. Hans Ulrich Obrist (The Conversation Series Volume 7). Verlag der Buchhandlung Walther König, Cologne 2007, ISBN 978-3-86560-171-1
  • Polly Hunter and Ann Harrison: Yona Friedman papers 1956-2006 , The Getty Research Institute 2008
  • Yona Friedman: Drawings & Models 1945-2010. Presses du Réel, Dijon 2010, ISBN 978-2-84066-406-2
  • Yona Friedman, Manuel Orazi : "The Dilution of Architecture", Park Books, Zurich 2015, ISBN 978-3-906027-68-5

Web links

Commons : Yona Friedman  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "YONA FRIEDMAN (1923–2020)" , Artforum of February 21, 2020, accessed on February 22, 2020 (en.)
  2. ↑ a b Biography of Yona Friedman on yonafriedman.nl , accessed on February 22, 2020 (en.)
  3. ↑ Wojciech Czaja: “Architect Yona Friedman died” Der Standard , February 21, 2020, accessed on the same day.
  4. ↑ Animated cartoons on yonafriedman.nl , accessed on February 22, 2020 (en.)
  5. ^ Yona Friedman. Films d´animation series on loop-barcelona.com , accessed on February 22, 2020 (en.)
  6. ^ Architect Yona Friedman receives Austrian Kiesler Prize , Der Standard from February 23, 2018, accessed on February 24, 2018
  7. ↑ Realizable utopias Yona Friedman dies , Baunetz, February 21, 2020, accessed on February 22, 2020
  8. ^ Yona Friedman papers, 1956-2006 , The Getty Research Institute, accessed February 22, 2020 (en.)
personal data
SURNAME Friedman, Yona
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Friedman, Janos Antal (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French artist, architect and visionary
DATE OF BIRTH June 5, 1923
PLACE OF BIRTH Budapest
DATE OF DEATH February 21, 2020
Place of death Paris