Yunnankleiber

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Yunnankleiber
SittaYunnanensis.svg

Yunnankleiber ( Sitta yunnanensis )

Systematics
Order : Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination : Songbirds (passeri)
Superfamily : Certhioidea
Family : Nuthatch (Sittidae)
Genre : Nuthatch ( sitta )
Type : Yunnankleiber
Scientific name
Sitta yunnanensis
Ogilvie-Grant , 1900

The Yunnankleiber ( Sitta yunnanensis ) is a species of bird from the family of nuthatches that in southwest China's endemic is. Their main distribution is in the provinces of Yunnan and Sichuan . The species has been little researched and its habitat is probably threatened by deforestation.

description

With a body length of 12 cm, the Yunnan nuthatch is smaller than a European nuthatch . The wing length is between 67 and 77 mm, the tail length at 31-43 mm and the weight between 7.5 and 13 mm. The beak is slender and slightly curved upwards. It is black-gray and in some individuals shows a horn-colored base of the lower beak. The feet are also black-gray. The eye shows a fine, light ring, the iris is brown.

The color of the top is a medium blue-gray. The white over-eye stripe - often hardly visible from a distance and in the worn plumage - is very narrow, the black eye stripe wide and extends to the back of the eyes, where it widens again clearly and sometimes in a downward curve. The chin, cheeks and lower ear covers contrast white against the black eye stripe. The underside is reddish beige and becomes gray beige in the worn plumage. Fittich, coverts and wings are dark gray-brown and sometimes have blue-gray hems. The middle control springs are blue-gray like the top, the outer ones show a lot of black on the inside flag at the base as well as a subterminal field that is individually quite different.

The sexes hardly differ. In the female, only the eye stripe is a little more dull and the underside is less reddish in color. In the youth dress, the eye-stripe is missing or it is narrow and does not reach over the forehead. In addition, the black eye stripe is less extensive and the underside is paler, as in the worn adult dress .

voice

The Yunnankleiber is very fond of reputation. The calls include a nasal nit or kni , which can sometimes be sharper and more pronounced, a short pit and a deep, nasal toik . The first call is also given in pairs or in rows of 4 to 10 syllables (listening example), sometimes in a quieter or more nasal variant. A loud, jay-like screech-screech-screech can also be heard, as occurs with most Palearctic nuthatch species. This call can also transition into a higher, squeakier and more nasal call sequence. There is also a ziuh and a loud quit-quit-quit . The singing has not yet been described.

distribution

The monotypical Yunnan Kleiber is endemic to southwest China, where its distribution in central and western Yunnan extends south to Lushui , Baoshan , Jinggu , Shiping and Kunming , west to the Gaoligong Mountains and then south again to Tengchong and west to Yingpanjie . In southwest Sichuan it occurs in Huidong and Xichang and along the Yalong Jiang north to Yajiang . In the extreme southeast of Tibet it is found near Zayu and Zhuwagen and in the province of Guizhou it was found near Shuicheng .

habitat

The Yunnankleiber inhabits old pine forests with little undergrowth at heights between 2440 and 3960 m. He evidently avoids dense stands of fir and spruce. When foraging for food, it is also often seen in small, 2-3 m high pine trees, in open forests and scattered stands of trees. Since there are winter observations from altitudes below 2000 m, part of it probably migrates down from the mountains in the winter half-year.

Existence and endangerment

The Yunnan corpse is described as rare, but in places it is a frequent breeding bird in relict pine stands of Yunnan. However, the habitats are threatened by deforestation or forest fires and due to the limited distribution area, the survival of the species is endangered in the long term. The IUCN therefore sees them on the warning list (“near threatened”). There is no information on the existence, but in many places the Yunnan glue has disappeared where it was found at the beginning of the 20th century. A move to secondary habitats cannot be ruled out, but more detailed studies are lacking.

literature

  • S. Harrap, D. Quinn: Chickadees, Tits, Nuthatches and Treecreepers , Princeton University Press, Princeton / New Jersey 1995. ISBN 0-691-01083-8

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ audio sample ; MP3; 318 kB
  2. ↑ Birdlife, p. Web links

Web links

Commons : Yunnankleiber ( Sitta yunnanensis )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files