ZBOR

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ZBOR emblem

The Yugoslav National Movement ZBOR ( Serbian Југословенски народни покрет Збор Jugoslovenski narodni pokret Zbor , ЈНП ЗБОР / JNP ZBOR for short) was a Serbian fascist party in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia . ZBOR stood for the Serbian word for assembly and was at the same time the acronym for Zadružna borbena organizacija rada (United Combat Organization of Labor).

The party led by Dimitrije Ljotić was founded in 1935. Because of the extensive ideological agreement with German National Socialism , Ljotić sided with the occupiers from the start after the German invasion of Yugoslavia . In the first Serbian collaboration government under Milan Aćimović , the ZBOR was represented by two ministers.

After the outbreak of the armed uprising of the communist partisans in August 1941, the German occupation forces gave ZBOR the right to deploy armed forces. This so-called " Serbian Volunteer Corps " (SDK) was organized in five battalions with a total of 3,021 soldiers and officers at the height of the anti-fascist partisan uprising in September 1941 and supported the Germans in the persecution of Jews and Tito partisans . Other parts of the ZBOR were incorporated into the armed formations of the second Serbian collaboration government formed on August 28, 1941 under Milan Nedić , which was to remain in office until the liberation of Serbia.

history

In the Kingdom of Yugoslavia

As a consequence of the planned assassination of King Alexandar by the Croatian Ustasha and the Macedonian IMRO, several fascist groups united under the name of ZBOR under Dimitrije Ljotić on January 6, 1935 (others date it to December 1934) .

ZBOR openly supported National Socialism and called for a fight against the Jews as early as the mid-1930s . It was based on the fascist movements in Italy and Germany . The main political opponent of the ZBOR was the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (CPJ) .

After the movement was also recognized as a party, it entered the elections in 1935 and 1938, but both times went without seats with 0.84% ​​and 1.01% of the votes, which intensified foreign parliamentary activities and disputes with the political Opponents, especially the communists.

After the outbreak of the Second World War and the military successes of the German Reich, Ljotić's attitude became radicalized, and from 1940 the movement began to become militarized. A bloody confrontation broke out on October 23, 1940 when the youth section of the Zbor Beli orlovi (White Eagles) stormed the University of Belgrade and attacked communist and left-wing political students, whereupon the movement was banned. More than 160 members were arrested and assembly rooms were searched, where weapons were also seized. However, for fear of the Axis powers, the arrested members were punished mildly. Ljotić himself hid in a monastery until the German invasion in 1941 , and after the occupation of Serbia by German troops, he supported the collaboration regime led by Milan Nedić .

In the puppet state of Serbia

At the end of 1941, analogous to the NSDAP and PNF , the party formed its own paramilitary association, the so-called Ljotićevci or the Serbian Volunteer Corps ( Srpski dobrovoljački korpus , SDK), which was part of Milan Nedić's armed forces and served as an auxiliary force in the Holocaust the Gestapo proved.

emigration

After the collapse of the Serbian vassal state under the collaborative government of General Milan Nedić , ZBOR officials and members of the SFK were smuggled through several camps in Italy ( Forlì , Eboli ). Then the ZBOR leadership came to Germany and stayed in the Munster camp from 1947 to 1948 and in the Lingen DP camp from 1948 to 1949 . At the end of 1949 she settled in Schleissheim near Munich. Here she continued the Iskra newspaper, which was started in Lingen and still appears monthly . The newspaper went to 40 countries around the world. This royalist, Serbian-Orthodox, nationalist or fascist and conservative-oriented group of heirs in exile probably had the richest flow of publications as well as a globally developed press and information system. Since 2016 Iskra is no longer published in the Serbian diaspora , but in Novi Sad . In Iskra's publications, which are also accessible online, the deeds and people of the SFK continue to be glorified.

Owner, publisher and editor-in-chief was Jakov Ljotić , called Jaša (1895–1974), the brother of the fascist leader Dimitrije Ljotić . The 79-year-old was strangled with his tie on July 8, 1974 in his Munich apartment . He had announced that he would write about Tito's prisons. The Yugoslav secret service UDBA is said to have been responsible for his murder . As early as April 17, 1969, Iskra editor Ratko Obradović (1919–1969) was allegedly killed by the UDBA near his apartment in Munich-Hasenbergl on the street with five shots in the chest, neck and head. Obradović was a former functionary of the fascist ZBOR party and officer of the SFK who fled into exile in 1945.

Members

Before the outbreak of the war, the number of members was estimated at 5,000 to 6,000 (including the youth section) and should never have grown above 6,000.

Known members

See also

literature

  • Klaus Buchenau : Zbor . In: Konrad Clewing, Holm Sundhaussen (Ed.): Lexicon for the history of Southeast Europe . Böhlau, Vienna et al. 2016, ISBN 978-3-205-78667-2 , p. 1051 f .
  • Milan Koljanin: Jevreji i antisemitizam u Kraljevini Jugoslaviji 1918–1941 [The Jews and anti-Semitism in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia 1918–1941] . Belgrade 2008.
  • Miloš Martić: Dimitrije Ljotic and the Yugoslav National Movement Zbor: 1935–1945 . In: East European Quarterly . tape 14 , no. 2 , 1980, p. 219-239 .
  • Mladen Stefanović: Zbor Dimitrija Ljotić, 1934–1945 . [The Zbor of Dimitrije Ljotić, 1934–1945]. Narodna knjiga, Belgrade 1984.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ratko Parežanin : Drugi svetski rat i Dimitrije V. Ljotić . Iskra , Munich 1971, p. 33 .
  2. ↑ BA-MA RW 40 / 190.8 Status report of the administrative staff at the commander in Serbia January 6, 1942.
  3. ↑ a b c d e Srećko Matko Džaja : The Political Reality of Yugoslavism (1918–1991): with special consideration of Bosnia-Herzegovina . Oldenbourg, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-486-56659-8 , p. 40 .
  4. ↑ a b c d Hajo Funke, Alexander Rhotert: Under our eyes: Ethnic purity: The politics of the Milosevic regime and the role of the West . 1st edition. Das Arabische Buch, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-86093-219-5 , pp. 46 f . ( google.de ).
  5. ↑ a b c d e f Marija Vulesica: Handbook of Antisemitism: Anti-Semitism in Past and Present . Ed .: Wolfgang Benz. Walter de Gruyter GmbHG & Co. KG, Berlin / Bostin 2012, ISBN 978-3-598-24078-2 , p. 651 f .
  6. ↑ Karl Hnilicka: The end in the Balkans 1944/45: The military evacuation of Yugoslavia by the German Wehrmacht . Musterschmidt-Verlag, Göttingen u. a. 1970, p. 24 f ., footnotes 28 and 29 .
  7. ↑ Hans-Peter Rullmann: Murder Order from Belgrade: Documentation about the Belgrade murder machine . Ost-Dienst, Hamburg 1980, p. 26.
  8. ↑ Robert Welch: American Opinion . tape 21 , 1978, p. 16 .
  9. ↑ Marko Lopušina: Ubice u ime države [murder in the name of the state] . Agencija TEA BOOKS, 2014, ISBN 978-86-6329-189-8 .
  10. ↑ Ben Witter: One Thousand Pickpockets: Protocols from the Underworld (IV) . In: The time . No. 19/1969 , May 9, 1969.