Zaleplon
Structural formula | |||||||||||||||||||
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Non-proprietary name | Zaleplon | ||||||||||||||||||
other names |
N - [3- (3-Cyanopyrazolo [1,5- a ] pyrimidin-7-yl) phenyl] - N -ethylacetamide ( IUPAC ) |
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Molecular formula | C 17 H 15 N 5 O | ||||||||||||||||||
Brief description |
white to almost white powder |
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Drug information | |||||||||||||||||||
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properties | |||||||||||||||||||
Molar mass | 305.33 g · mol -1 | ||||||||||||||||||
Physical state |
firmly |
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Melting point |
186-187 ° C |
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solubility |
practically insoluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol and propylene glycol |
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safety instructions | |||||||||||||||||||
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As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . |
Zaleplon (manufacturer: Wyeth ) is a drug used to treat difficulty falling asleep.
The substance from the group of pyrazolopyrimidines (non- benzodiazepine hypnotics / sedatives , Z-drugs ) is suitable for the treatment of primary sleep disorders due to its short elimination half-life of around one hour and the lack of active metabolites .
history
In the EU and Switzerland, the active ingredient was approved as the preparation Sonata in 1999. In 2004 the European Medicines Agency (EMA) granted an open-ended approval. In Switzerland, however, the product went out of trade again in 2013; in the EU, this step followed on July 3, 2015, when the EMA withdrew the approval at the request of the approval holder. Zaleplon is still available in the US as Sonata and Zaleplon , in Canada under the name Starnoc .
Clinical information
Application areas (indications)
The active ingredient zaleplon is indicated for the treatment of patients who have difficulty falling asleep and for whom the disorders are severe and debilitating and represent an unacceptable burden. The maximum duration of treatment should not exceed two weeks. The drug can be taken just before bedtime or after the patient has gone to bed and has difficulty falling asleep. Administration after food intake delays the time to reach maximum plasma concentration by approximately two hours, but the extent of absorption remains unchanged.
Contraindications (contraindications)
In liver failure , sleep apnea syndrome , myasthenia gravis , severe respiratory insufficiency , children and adolescents under 18 years, alcoholism , drug addiction , pregnancy or breast-feeding should not be administered zaleplon.
Drug interactions
Moderate interactions of zaleplon with ethanol are expected. Increased effects such as sedation , drowsiness and reduced alertness must be expected. Depending on the individual predisposition , the ability to concentrate (e.g. in traffic) can be severely impaired. In individual cases life-threatening conditions can occur due to respiratory depression and cardiovascular effects.
Special patient groups (diabetics, kidney patients)
Since the Qo value of zaleplon is high ( Qo = 1 ), no dose adjustment is necessary in the case of impaired renal function. Many drugs with a high Qo value produce renally eliminated metabolites, the activity of which is not always known. Accordingly, caution should be exercised in the case of severe kidney function impairments.
literature
- Hermann J. Roth : Medicinal Chemistry: Targets and Drugs; 157 tables . German Apotheker-Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-7692-3483-9 .
- W. Forth, D. Henschler, W. Rummel: General and special pharmacology and toxicology . 9th edition. Urban & Fischer, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-437-42521-8 .
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 14th edition. Merck & Co., Whitehouse Station 2006, ISBN 0-911910-00-X .
- ↑ a b Zaleplon data sheet from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on April 25, 2011 ( PDF ).
- ↑ a b c Sonata. (PDF; 60 kB) Withdrawal of the marketing authorization in the European Union. European Medicines Agency, October 1, 2015, accessed November 24, 2018 .
- ^ Zaleplon | Sonata ® | 49 | 1999. In: Pharmaceutical newspaper . November 20, 2017, accessed on October 19, 2018 : "MANUFACTURER Meda [...] PHARMACEUTICAL FORM No longer available."
- ^ Entry on Zaleplon in the DrugBank of the University of Alberta .
- ↑ dose adjustment in case of renal insufficiency. Zaleplon. (No longer available online.) Heidelberg University Hospital , January 7, 2013, archived from the original on May 23, 2013 ; Retrieved on October 20, 2018 (web archive versions from 2016 warn that the page may be out of date and redirect to the current dosing.de homepage ).
- ↑ DJ Greenblatt, JS Harmatz, LL von Moltke, BL Ehrenberg, L. Harrel, K. Corbett, M. Counihan, JA Graf, M. Darwish, P. Mertzanis, PT Martin, WH Cevallos, RI Shader: Comparative kinetics and dynamics of zaleplon, zolpidem, and placebo. In: Clin Pharmacol Ther . 64, 1998, pp. 553-561.