Ornamental quinces

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Ornamental quinces
Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica)

Japanese quince ( Chaenomeles japonica )

Systematics
Order : Rose-like (rosales)
Family : Rose family (Rosaceae)
Subfamily : Spiraeoideae
Tribe : Pyreae
Sub tribus : Pome fruit family (Pyrinae)
Genre : Ornamental quinces
Scientific name
Chaenomeles
Lindl.

The ornamental quinces ( Chaenomeles ) are a genus of plants within the rose family (Rosaceae). They come from eastern Asia and their varieties are used as ornamental plants and wild fruits in parks and gardens.

description

Ornamental quince: flowers in April

Ornamental quince species are shrubs with axillary spines on the long shoots . The leaves have incised edges, the stipules are large on long shoots, but remain very small on short shoots.

The flowers are axillary in clusters or as single flowers, are hermaphroditic or staminate . The flower cup is bell-shaped, the ungrown upper part is provided with a nectar channel . The sepals are of unequal shape and size and, when young, lie slightly on top of each other like roof tiles, together with the upper part of the flower cup they fall off later. The petals are large, nailed and red in color. The flowers have between twenty and sixty stamens . The five carpels are completely fused, attached to the flower cup and form the subordinate ovary , which is five-fan; per compartment it has twenty ovules . The style branches are fused together at the base, the scars are thickened.

The fruits are apple fruits and have a thick, hard pulp, the endocarp is thin, bony and has a core. The numerous seeds are dark brown and have a hard outer shell.

The number of chromosomes is 2 n = 34.

distribution

The ornamental quince species come from Japan , Myanmar and China . Occasionally they run wild.

Systematics

The fiery red quince - a hybrid

The genus Chaenomeles belongs to the subtribe Pyrinae of the tribe Pyreae in the subfamily Spiraeoideae within the rose family .

The genus Chaenomeles contains five species:

  • Chaenomeles cathayensis (Hemsl.) CKSchneider : The fruits are pear-shaped and up to 15 cm long. It occurs in China, Myanmar and Bhutan.
  • Japanese quince ( Chaenomeles japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. Ex Spach )
  • Chaenomeles sinensis (Thouin) Koehne : It occurs in China.
  • Chinese ornamental quince ( Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai , Syn .: Cydonia japonica var. Lagenaria (Loisel.) Makino , Cydonia lagenaria Loisel. , Cydonia speciosa Sweet , Chaenomeles lagenaria (Loisel.) Koidzumi ): It comes from western China. Grows stronger and can be kept higher as a hedge than Chaenomeles japonica .
  • Chaenomeles thibetica T.T.Yu

use

The fruits of the ornamental quince give a good tasting jelly in autumn.

In Europe they have been cultivated as ornamental shrubs since the end of the 18th century . There are different types of hybrids , which differ in flower color and growth. The shrub is considered industrial strength and is best suited as a hedge plant with a height of 80 to 120 cm . There it can withstand heavy pruning, so that it can be kept narrow as a hedge, but it blooms better with directed natural growth . The plant prefers good, deep garden soil and is popular as a valuable flowering shrub (flowering period April – May). The best time to plant is in early October or the month of April. After the first frosts in autumn, the fruits make a tasty jelly . They can be used just as diverse as quinces . The fruits of the ornamental quince contain little sugar and a lot of pectin , so they can be used as a gelling aid and are effective against diarrhea. The sour juice can serve as a substitute for lemon juice. The thornless variety Cido is nicknamed "Nordic Lemon".

swell

  • C. Kalkman: Rosaceae. In: Klaus Kubitzki (Ed.): The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Volume VI Flowering Plants - Dicotyledons - Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales. 2004, ISBN 3-540-06512-1 , pp. 374-375.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Chaenomeles in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved April 21, 2017.
  2. ^ A b Franz Böhmig: Advice for every garden day. 24th edition. Neumann-Verlag, Radebeul 1995, ISBN 3-7402-0157-6 , p. 427.
  3. ↑ Christian Havenith: Berry love. Dort-Hagenhausen Verlag, Munich, 2013, pp. 80-81, ISBN 978-3-86362-016-5 .

Web links

Commons : Ornamental Quinces ( Chaenomeles )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
  • A. Zeitlhöfler: The fruit-growing use of wild fruit trees . Thesis. 2002. (pdf)