Zillertal inclinants

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Mathias Schmid :
The Protestants move out

The Zillertal inclinants (also Zillertal emigrants ; from Latin inclinare , `` tend '', `` deflect '' or `` steer '') were a group of Lutheran Protestants ( Augsburg Confession ) who were expelled from the Zillertal in 1837 for religious reasons and resettled in the Giant Mountains .

The remains of secret Protestantism in the Zillertal that had survived since the Reformation escaped expulsion in 1731. When the valley came to the Austrian Empire in 1816 , an application was made to the emperor for permission to plant a Protestant church; the decision was delayed. In 1829, six inclinants asked for religious instruction so that they could legally withdraw from the Roman Catholic Church , which they were illegally denied. On April 2, 1834, Emperor Franz I finally rejected the establishment of a community and offered to move to other Austrian provinces with non-Catholic communities. This resolution was confirmed on January 12, 1837 with a further imperial resolution by his son and successor.

On January 21, 1837, Ferdinand I ordered all Zillertal residents adhering to the Augsburg Confession to emigrate. On July 20, 1837, the Tyroleans received a formal guarantee that they would be allowed to settle in Prussia. Between August 31 and September 4, 1837 - in four emigration trains - 427 Zillertal people left their homeland. Eleven of them emigrated to Carinthia and Styria in existing tolerance communities , 416 to Lower Silesia. To emigrate, the Zillertal people met at the 3 linden trees at the entrance to Hippach, which can still be admired today.

Tyrolean house in Zillerthal-Erdmannsdorf

Via Linz and Budweis , the Zillertaler came to Silesia , where they were given the care of Countess von Reden after approval by King Friedrich Wilhelm III. Farmland was made available. The king had Zillertal courtyards built for them based on a model house built in advance. The houses even had a stove - a brick stove with a stove bench and stove bridge, as you can still find today in the Zillertal / Tyrol. This is how Nieder-, Mittel- and Hochzillerthal emerged at the foot of the Giant Mountains in the Hirschberger Valley , which were combined in 1937 to form the municipality of Zillertal-Erdmannsdorf . The Zillertal Protestants were accepted into the Protestant regional church in Schmiedeberg on November 12, 1837 . In 1945/46 the descendants were expelled from Silesia as a result of the end of the Second World War .

Between 1856 and 1860, 54 Zillertal inclinants emigrated to Chile. They settled on Lake Llanquihuesee . Today about 600 of their descendants still live around the Llanquihuesee. In 2009, 26 of them traveled back, accompanied by television, to walk in the footsteps of their ancestors. From the Zillertal in Tyrol they followed the path of their ancestors, via Salzburg, Linz, through the Czech Republic to Zillerthal-Erdmannsdorf, today's Mysłakowice .

The Tyrolean writer Felix Mitterer processed the story of the Zillertal inclinants in 1987 in the play Lost Homeland . As part of the 150th anniversary of the emigration of the Zillertal Protestants in 1987, the play was performed on the village square of Stumm (Tyrol) by the Association of Zillertaler Volksschauspiele.

See also

literature

  • Georg Friedrich Heinrich Rheinwald : The evangelically minded in the Zillerthal. Friedrich August Herbig, Berlin 1837, books.google.de
  • Helga and Horst Bast: The families of the Protestants who emigrated from the Zillertal in 1837 - their ancestors and descendants, the emigration, the path, the settlement, their houses and their life in the Hirschberg Valley . Cardamina Verlag, 2012, ISBN 978-3-86424-044-7
  • Erich Beyreuther : Zillertal emigrants . In: RGG 3 Volume 6, p. 1910.
  • Franz Loidl (Ed.): For the 150th anniversary of the emigration of the Zillertal "inclinants". Vienna Catholic Academy / Working Group for Church History and Vienna Diocesan History, Vienna 1987.
  • Grete Mecenseffy: History of Protestantism in Austria. Böhlau, Graz / Cologne 1956.
  • Ekkart Sauser : The Zillertal Inclinants and their expulsion in 1837. Wagner, Innsbruck 1959.
  • Peter Stöger: Limited and excluded. Tirol und das Fremde, a pedagogical-historical reading book on the subject of strangers, alienation and foreign determination with special consideration of the emigration to Latin America and the history of the Jewish fellow citizens. Lang, Frankfurt am Main [a. a.] 2002, ISBN 3-631-39554-X (= European University Writings Series 11, Pedagogy Volume 744).
  • "A Rhenish legal scholar": For the unity of faith in Tyrol: An open German word to the Tyrolean people , Verein-Buchdruckerei, 1861, ( books.google.at - pamphlet against confessionally mixed countries with various derivations why the tolerance patent should supposedly not apply in Tyrol ).
  • Annegret Waldner, Sonja Fankhauser: From Zillerthal to Zillerthal - The path of the Zillerthal Protestants from Tyrol to Prussian-Silesia in 1837. Morawa Verlag, 2017, ISBN 978-3-99057-729-5

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