Cinnamon breast hummingbird

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Cinnamon breast hummingbird
Cinnamon breast hummingbird

Cinnamon breast hummingbird

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Genre : Leucippus
Type : Cinnamon breast hummingbird
Scientific name
Leucippus fallax
( Bourcier , 1843)

The cinnamon breast hummingbird ( Leucippus fallax ), sometimes also called rust breast , is a species of bird in the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). The species has a large distribution area that extends over the countries of Colombia , Venezuela , and their islands Margarita and La Tortuga . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The cinnamon breast hummingbird has a body length of about 8.9 cm, of which the slightly curved beak makes up 2 cm. The upper beak looks dark while the lower beak is pale pink. The striking black eyes are surrounded by a narrow white ring that becomes significantly thicker behind the eye. The top of the male is dull green. The color of the underside is light cinnamon and turns into white on the belly. The tail is rounded, the central control feathers are dull green and the remaining tail feathers are dull green with a white band or white speckles near the tail end. The females look similar but are paler.

behavior

The cinnamon breast hummingbird is a typical inhabitant of dry desert bushland. Mostly on the move alone, the birds behave extremely aggressively, in that the only sporadic flowers z. B. from agaves , other cactus plants or from verbena plants of the genus Stachytarpheta . They also feed on the juice and meat of cactus fruits of the genus Armatocereus . When there is no nectar or fruit, they feed primarily on insects. They typically look for food in the lower strata and also rest there.

Vocalizations

Most of the time the birds sing alone, very rarely in pairs, from nearby branches. The singing varies from low to high notes. This also includes sharp smacking noises that sound like tsik, tsuk-tik-suk and often last for a long time. Sometimes it sounds like tslik, swliit , which is repeated over and over, or like chalup, chik, chalup, chik or taschavit, chit, chavit, chat . So they have many variations in singing. Each male seems to have his own repertoire, which however follows a certain pattern with all cinnamon breast hummingbirds.

Reproduction

During courtship , the males climb into the upper strata and plunge down in a semicircle, which leads to a mechanical wind noise and is supported by ts'tschip, ts'tschip, ts-chip ... brr-brr-brr calls, which decrease to the lower part of the dive . They build their nests into a goblet typical of hummingbirds, which is 0.6 to 2 meters high. In the dry coastal areas in the northwest of the state of Sucre, they breed from May to September. They then leave the breeding areas again and can be found inland in the dry season from November to mid-April.

habitat

Distribution area (green) of the cinnamon breast hummingbird

Cinnamon breast hummingbirds are considered resident and migratory birds that only cover short distances. They often occur in xerophytic areas with cacti and thorn bushes, in thorny forest areas, in dry forests, but also in mangroves. They usually stay at altitudes of 550 to 800 meters. In Coro they are particularly common in the rainy season in May. Together with the Gibson's emerald hummingbird ( Chlorostilbon gibsoni ( Fraser , 1840)), the cinnamon breast hummingbird is one of the most common hummingbird species on the Guajira Peninsula .

Etymology and history of research

Jules Bourcier described the cinnamon breast hummingbird under the name Trochilus fallax . He had received the type specimen from Caracas . In 1850 Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte introduced the genus Leucippus a . a. for the cinnamon breast hummingbird. The generic name refers to " Leukippos Λεύκιππος " from Greek mythology . The specific epithet »fallax« is derived from the Latin »fallax, fallacis, fallere« for »false, deceptive, deceiving«.

In the literature, synonyms such as Leucippus fallax occidentalis Phelps & Phelps , 1949, Dolerisca Cervina ( Gould , 1861), Leucippus fallax richmondi Cory , 1915 and Doleromya pallida ( Richmond , 1895) can be found.

literature

  • Steven Leon Hilty, John A. Gwynne, Guy Tudor : Birds of Venezuela . Princeton University Press, Princeton 2002, ISBN 0-691-09250-8 , pp. 416 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  • Steven Leon Hilty , William Leroy Brown : A guide to the birds of Colombia . Princeton University Press, Princeton 1986, ISBN 0-691-09250-8 , pp. 271 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Jules Bourcier: Oiseaux-mouches nouveaux . In: Revue Zoologique par La Société Cuvierienne . tape 6 , 1843, pp. 99-104 ( online [accessed July 24, 2015]).
  • Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte: Conspectus generum avium . tape 1 . EJ Brill, Leiden 1850 ( online [accessed August 11, 2015]).
  • William Henry Phelps, William Henry Phelps, Jr .: Eleven New Subspecies of Birds from Venezuela . In: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington . tape 62 , 1949, pp. 109–124 ( online [accessed August 11, 2015]).
  • John Gould: A monograph of the Trochilidæ, or family of humming-birds . Taylor and Francis, London 1861 ( online [accessed 11 August 2015]).
  • Charles Barney Cory: Notes on South American Birds, with descriptions of new subspecies . In: Field Museum of Natural History Publication 183 (=  Ornithological Series ). tape 1 , no. 9 , 1915, pp. 303-335 ( online [accessed August 11, 2015]).
  • Charles Wallace Richmond: Descriptions of Three New Birds from the Island of Margarita, Venezuela . In: The Auk . tape 12 , no. 4 , 1895, p. 367–371 (English, online [PDF; 212 kB ; accessed on August 11, 2015]).

Web links

Commons : Cinnamon Breasted Hummingbird ( Leucippus fallax )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Steven Leon Hilty u. a. (2001), p. 416.
  2. ↑ a b Steven Leon Hilty u. a. (1989), p. 271.
  3. ↑ Jules Bourcier, p. 103.
  4. ^ Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte, p. 73.
  5. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 223.
  6. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 157.
  7. ^ William Henry Phelps, p. 111.
  8. ^ John Gould, p. 56.
  9. ^ Charles Barney Cory, p. 303.
  10. ^ Charles Wallace Richmond, p. 369.

Remarks

  1. ↑ In addition to the Zimtbrustkolibri he ordered this genus Trochilus turnerrii ( Bourcier , 1846) - a synonym for a subspecies of Weißbauchamazilie ( Amazilia chionogaster hypoleuca ( Gould , 1846)) - to.