White-bellied Amazonia

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White-bellied Amazonia
White-bellied hummingbird (Amazilia chionogaster) (8077614792) .jpg

White-bellied Amazilie ( Elliotomyia chionogaster )

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Genre : Amazilia hummingbirds ( Amazilia )
Type : White-bellied Amazonia
Scientific name
Elliotomyia chionogaster
( Tschudi , 1846)

The white-bellied amazilie ( Elliotomyia chionogaster ) is a species of bird in the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). The range of this species includes parts of the countries Peru , Bolivia , Brazil , Paraguay and Argentina . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The white-bellied amazily reaches a body length of about 9 to 12 cm, with the males weighing about 4.9 to 6.7 g and the females 4.5 to 6 g. The straight, medium-sized bill is blackish on the upper bill and reddish with a black tip on the lower bill. The top, sides of the chest and the flanks are bright brilliant green. The underside is whitish in the middle, with sparse golden-green spots on the chin and sides of the throat. The under tail-coverts are whitish, sometimes golden-green at the base. The inner control springs are grayish brilliant to golden green in color. The whitish color of the outer control feathers extends to the inner vane. The females have a light cream color on the chin and throat, with the throat spotted a little greener. In young birds , the cream color extends to the belly and the color on the underside generally looks a bit greener.

Behavior and nutrition

They get their nectar from the flowers of different plant families. So include legumes , Larkspur trees , Mallow , loranthaceae , Bignoniaceae , bombacoideae , passifloraceae and musaceae to their food sources. Small insects are also part of their diet.

Vocalizations

The singing of A. c. chionogaster repeated in short cycles, which typically consist of three squeaky sounds This sound like Tsit-chu-chu-Tschip ... Tsit Tschip ... . At A. c. hypoleuca , the chant sounds like a single bright- sounding and piercing psik , which is occasionally followed by a quieter and faster tsi-tsi-tsi-tsi . The calls occasionally contain light-sounding siik and a series of decreasing bumpy sounds.

distribution and habitat

Distribution area of ​​the white-bellied amazily

The white-bellied amazilia lives on the edges of forests, in secondary vegetation, in tree-rich ravines, scrub, cerrado , plantations and gardens. It prefers relatively dry, bushy areas with cactus plants such as agaves , as well as groves with alder and eucalyptus . They are mostly found in submontane areas, in the humid to the upper tropical zones at altitudes between 400 and 2000 meters. It is seldom present up to 2800 meters.

Reproduction

The breeding season lasts from January to March. The goblet-like nest is built from plant wool and moss and decorated with lichen on the outside. It is found in undergrowth or on the lower branches of smaller trees such as B. Lithraea ternifolia laid out 2 to 5 meters above the ground. The outer radius is 48 to 50 mm, the inner radius 30 to 32 mm and the depth 25 to 28 mm. The clutch consists of two eggs. An egg is 13 by 8.5 mm in size. The breeding season varies between 14 and 15 days, with only the female breeding. The nestlings fledge at around 19 to 22 days.

migration

The white-bellied amazily is considered a resident bird . There were reports of individual local migrations from Argentina.

Subspecies

There are two known subspecies:

  • Elliotomyia chionogaster chionogaster ( Tschudi , 1846) occurs in northern and central Peru.
  • Elliotomyia chionogaster hypoleuca ( Gould , 1846) is common in southeastern Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, southwestern Brazil, and northwestern Argentina. The color of the underside is much more creamy than in the nominate form. The white of the outermost control springs is only present on the base half of the inner vane. The females have a terminal white spot on the outer three control feathers.

The species Leucippus pallidus , described by Władysław Taczanowski in 1874, is seen today as a synonym for the nominate form .

Etymology and history of research

Johann Jakob von Tschudi originally described the white-bellied amazily under the name Trochilus leucogaster . When he noticed that the name was already used for the light-bellied amazilie ( Amazilia leucogaster ( Gmelin, JF , 1788)), he renamed the name to Trochilus chionogaster . For a long time the species was classified under the new genus name Amazilia, introduced by Lesson in 1843 . 2017 Frank Garfield Stiles III , James Vanderbeek Remsen Jr and Jimmy Adair McGuire separated the species from the genus and placed the species in the genus Elliotia . They convey that the name Elliotia was used as early as 1856 by Johannes Werner Theodor Nietner for Elliotia pallipes (today Pentagonica pallipes ) and was dedicated to Walter Elliot (1803-1887). Stiles and van Remsen corrected the generic name in Elliotomyia in 2019 . Amazilia comes from a novel by Jean-François Marmontel , who reported in Les Incas, Ou La Destruction De L'empire Du Pérou, of an Inca heroine named Amazili. »Elliotomyia« is a tribute to Daniel Giraud Elliot with the Greek addition »myia, μυια « for »fly, to fly«. The species name is a word structure from the Greek "chiōn, chionos χιων, χιονος " for "snow" and "gastēr, gastros γαστηρ, γαστρος " for "belly". Hypoleuca is made up of the Greek words "hypo ὑπο " for "below" and "leukos λευκος " for "white".

literature

  • John Gould: On twenty new species of Trochilidae or Humming-birds . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 14 , no. 164 , 1846, pp. 85-90 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • René Primevère Lesson, Prosper Garnot: Voyage autour du monde exécuté par Ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825, sous le ministère et conformément aux instructions de SEM Marquis de Clermont- Tonnerre, ministre de la marine; et publié sou les auspices de son excellence Mgr le Cte ​​de Chabrol, ministre de la Marine et des colonies, par ML Dupppery, capitaine de frégate. chevalier de Saint-Louis et membre de la legion d'honaire, commandant de l'expédition (=  zoology . Volume 1 , no. 2 ). Arthus-Bertrand, Paris 1828 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • René Primevère Lesson : Complément à l'histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches . In: L'Echo du Monde Savant (=  2 ). tape 10 , no. 32 , 1843, pp. 755-758 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Johannes Werner Theodor Nietner: Entomological papers — being descriptions of new Ceylon Coleoptera, with such observations on their habits as may appear interesting . In: Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal . tape 25 , no. 6 , 1856, pp. 523-554 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Frank Garfield Stiles III, James Vanderbeek Remsen Jr, Jimmy Adair McGuire: The generic classification of the Trochilini (Aves: Trochilidae): Reconciling taxonomy with phylogeny . In: Zootaxa . tape 4353 , no. 3 , 2017, p. 401-424 , doi : 10.11646 / zootaxa.4353.3.1 .
  • Frank Garfield Stiles III, James Vanderbeek Remsen Jr .: The generic nomenclature of the Trochilini: a correction . In: Zootaxa . tape 4691 , no. 2 , 2019, p. 195–196 , doi : 10.11646 / zootaxa.4691.2.10 .
  • Władysław Taczanowski: List of Oiseaux recueillis par M. Constantin Jelskidans la partie centrale du Pérou occidental . In: Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London for the Year 1874 . No. 1 , 1874, p. 501-565 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Johann Jakob von Tschudi: Avium conspectus quae in Republica Peruana reperiuntur et pleraeque observatae vel collectae suut in itinere . In: Archives for Natural History . tape 10 , no. 1 , 1844, pp. 262-317 ( [1] ).
  • Johann Jakob von Tschudi: Investigations on the fauna of Peruana . Printed and published by Scheitlin and Zollikofer, St. Gallen 1846 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • André-Alexander Weller , Peter Boesman, Guy Maxwell Kirwan in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal, David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: White-bellied Hummingbird (Amazilia chionogaster) in Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.

Web links

Commons : White-bellied Amazilie ( Amazilia chionogaster )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g André-Alexander Weller u. a.
  2. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  3. ↑ Johann Jakob von Tschudi, pp. 31 & 247, plate 22, figure 2.
  4. ^ John Gould (1846), p. 90.
  5. ^ Władysław Taczanowski, p. 542.
  6. ↑ Johann Jakob von Tschudi (1844), p. 297.
  7. ↑ Johann Jakob von Tschudi (1846), p. 248.
  8. ↑ René Primevère Lesson u. a. (1843), column 757.
  9. ↑ Frank Garfield Stiles III (2017) and a. Pp. 401-424
  10. ↑ Johannes Werner Theodor Nietner (2017) a. a. Pp. 524-526
  11. ↑ a b Frank Garfield Stiles III (2019) u. a. Pp. 195-196.
  12. ↑ René Primevère Lesson u. a. (1827), p. 683 (plate 3).
  13. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 101.
  14. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 199.