Light-bellied amazily
| Light-bellied amazily | ||||||||||
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Light-bellied amazily |
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| Amazilia leucogaster | ||||||||||
| ( Gmelin, JF , 1788) |
The light-bellied amazilie ( Amazilia leucogaster ) or Gmelinamazilie is a species of bird from the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). The distribution area of this species includes parts of Venezuela , Guyana , Suriname , French Guiana and Brazil . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .
features
The light-bellied amazily reaches a body length of about 9 to 10 cm, with the males weighing about 4 to 4.5 g and the females weighing 4.3 g. The blackish straight to slightly curved bill of the male has a red flesh color at the base of the lower bill. The top of the head and the sides of the neck are golden green, rarely with turquoise reflections. The rest of the top, flanks, and sides of the throat are golden to bronze green. The center of the throat, the underside and the under tail-coverts are white. The inner control springs are bronze-green to bronze-colored, the outer bluish-black. The tail is slightly forked. Females are similar to males, but have green spots on the sides of the throat and greyish spots on the tail. Immature specimens have brownish seams on the back feathers.
Behavior and nutrition
They get their nectar from the flowers of herbs and low trees and bushes. So include legumes , Larkspur trees , banana plants , Acanthaceae , heliconias , Bignoniaceae , Mallow , bromeliads , Sumac , vervain family and passifloraceae to their food sources. Their diet also includes small insects that they hunt in flight.
Vocalizations
The call consists of a long series of repeated psii tones. It also includes thin tsink tones and light- sounding bumpy series.
distribution and habitat
The Hellbauchamazilie lives in mangroves Avicennia , forest edges, secondary vegetation, Cerrado , Caatinga , plantations, parks and gardens. Mostly it moves at high altitudes close to sea level. In Venezuela they are occasionally found at altitudes up to 250 meters.
Reproduction
The breeding season in the Guyanas lasts from July to August and in northeastern Brazil from October to February. The goblet-like nest is made of plant wool and occasionally bromeliads or leaves and other parts of wool tree plants. The outer walls are decorated with lichen. They place these in horizontal branches or in the forks of small trees and bushes, usually less than 5 meters above the ground. In the mangroves they are often found close to the water. The clutch consists of two eggs. An egg is 13.4 to 14 by 9 mm in size and weighs 0.42 to 0.44 g. The breeding season is 14 days, with only the female breeding. The nestlings fledge at around 20 to 25 days.
migration
The light-bellied amazily shows individual local migratory movements.
Subspecies
There are two known subspecies:
- Amazilia leucogaster leucogaster ( Gmelin, JF , 1788) occurs in eastern Venezuela, the Guyanas and northeastern Brazil.
- Amazilia leucogaster bahiae ( Hartert , 1899) is widespread in eastern Brazil. At 23 mm, this subspecies has a longer bill than the 20 mm in the nominate form. The wings are also slightly longer at 55 mm versus 53 mm. Generally they have less bronze colorations than A. l. leucogaster .
Etymology and history of research
Originally, Johann Friedrich Gmelin described the light-bellied amazily under the name Trochilus leucogaster . He gave Cayenne as the collection point . In 1843 Lesson introduced the new generic name Amazilia for the gold - masked hummingbird , the striped - tailed hummingbird , the cinnamon-bellied hummingbird (syn .: Ornysmia cinnamomea ), the blue-throated star hummingbird (syn .: Ornymia rufula ) and the longuemare sun nymph . He did not mention the rust-bellied amazilia ( Amazilia amazilia ). This name comes from a novel by Jean-François Marmontel , who reported in Les Incas, Ou La Destruction De L'empire Du Pérou, about an Inca heroine named Amazili. The species name is a combination of words from the Greek "leukos λευκος " for "white" and "gastēr, gastros γαστηρ, γαστρος " for "belly". Bahiae refers to Bahia .
literature
- André-Alexander Weller , Guy Maxwell Kirwan, Peter Boesman in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal, David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: Plain-bellied Emerald (Amazilia leucogaster) in Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
- James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
- Johann Friedrich Gmelin: Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis . tape 1 , no. 1 . Georg Emanuel Beer, Leipzig 1788 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
- Ernst Hartert: Some things about the hummingbird species Agyrtria . In: Ornithological monthly reports . tape 7 , 1899, pp. 139-141 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
- René Primevère Lesson , Prosper Garnot: Voyage autour du monde exécuté par Ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825, sous le ministère et conformément aux instructions de SEM Marquis de Clermont- Tonnerre, ministre de la marine; et publié sou les auspices de son excellence Mgr le Cte de Chabrol, ministre de la Marine et des colonies, par ML Dupppery, capitaine de frégate. chevalier de Saint-Louis et membre de la legion d'honaire, commandant de l'expédition (= zoology . Volume 1 , no. 2 ). Arthus-Bertrand, Paris 1828 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
- René Primevère Lesson: Complément à l'histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches . In: L'Echo du Monde Savant (= 2 ). tape 10 , no. 32 , 1843, pp. 755-758 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
Web links
- Amazilia leucogaster inthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017.3. Listed by: BirdLife International, 2016. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
- BirdLife International: Species Factsheet - Plain-bellied Emerald ( Amazilia leucogaster ) . Retrieved April 22, 2018.
- Videos, photos and sound recordings for Plain-bellied Emerald (Amazilia leucogaster) in the Internet Bird Collection
- Light-bellied Amazonia ( Amazilia leucogaster ) at Avibase; accessed on April 22, 2018.
- Amazilia leucogaster in the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). Retrieved on 2018-04-22.
- xeno-canto: Sound recordings - Plain-bellied Emerald ( Amazilia chionogaster )
- Light-bellied Amazonia (Amazilia leucogaster) in the Encyclopedia of Life . Accessed April 22, 2018.