Zirconium (IV) chloride
Crystal structure | ||||||||||||||||
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__ Zr 4+ __ Cl - | ||||||||||||||||
General | ||||||||||||||||
Surname | Zirconium (IV) chloride | |||||||||||||||
other names |
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Ratio formula | ZrCl 4 | |||||||||||||||
Brief description |
white powder smoking in air |
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properties | ||||||||||||||||
Molar mass | 233.03 g mol −1 | |||||||||||||||
Physical state |
firmly |
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density |
2.8 g cm −3 |
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Melting point |
437 ° C at 25.3 bar |
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Sublimation point |
331 ° C |
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Vapor pressure |
1.3 h Pa at 190 ° C |
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solubility |
Decomposes in water |
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safety instructions | ||||||||||||||||
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Toxicological data | ||||||||||||||||
Thermodynamic properties | ||||||||||||||||
ΔH f 0 |
−982 kJ mol −1 |
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As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . |
Zirconium (IV) chloride is a chloride of zirconium . It is a white powder that hydrolyzes rapidly in air . It is an important compound used in the manufacture of zirconium as well as other zirconium compounds.
Extraction and presentation
Zirconium (IV) chloride can be obtained by carbochlorinating zirconium dioxide . For this purpose, the zirconium oxide is converted into zirconium carbonitride ( zirconium containing carbon and nitrogen) in an electric arc with coke and then reacted with chlorine to form zirconium (IV) chloride.
The representation by chlorination of zirconium with chlorine at 650 ° C or with lead (II) chloride at 500 ° C is also possible.
Another possibility is the representation by reacting the oxide with gaseous carbon tetrachloride (in a nitrogen stream) at 450 ° C to 500 ° C:
properties
Physical Properties
Zirconium (IV) chloride has a polymer structure like hafnium (IV) chloride HfCl 4 . Its standard enthalpy of formation is −980.52 kJ / mol, its standard molar entropy 181.41 JK −1 mol −1 and its heat capacity 125.38 JK −1 mol −1 .
use
Zirconium (IV) chloride is used:
- for the production of zirconium compounds such as zirconyl chloride ZrOCl 2 and zirconium-organic complex compounds
- as a catalyst in Friedel-Crafts reactions and polymerizations of olefins and epoxides .
- as an intermediate product in the extraction of metallic zirconium using the Kroll process
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Entry on zirconium (IV) chloride in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on February 1, 2016(JavaScript required) .
- ↑ a b c d Data sheet zirconium (IV) chloride (PDF) from Merck , accessed on August 30, 2007.
- ↑ a b W. S. Hummers et al .: Zirconium and hafnium tetrachlorides . In: JC Bailar, Jr. (Ed.): Inorganic Syntheses . tape 4 . McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1953, pp. 121-126 (English).
- ^ D'Ans / Lax: Taschenbuch für Chemiker und Physiker , Volume 1, Springer-Verlag 1967, p. 595.
- ↑ Georg Brauer (Ed.), With the collaboration of Marianne Baudler a . a .: Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd, revised edition. Volume II, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-432-87813-3 , p. 1358.