Arnold Schwarzenegger

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Arnold Schwarzenegger (2019)
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Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger (born July 30, 1947 in Thal , Styria ) is an Austrian - American actor , publicist , entrepreneur , former bodybuilder and former US politician . From 2003 to 2011 he was the 38th governor of California . Before that, he gained international fame mainly as a seven-time Mister Olympia as well as through numerous Hollywood films - especially through his impersonation of the Terminator . This role earned him the nickname Governator in the run-up to his candidacy in 2003 .

Due to his very successful and turbulent life, he is a prime example of living the “ American dream ”. He became one of the most famous personalities in America and one of the most successful action actors in film history.

Life

Schwarzenegger with then US President Ronald Reagan on August 23, 1984

Arnold Schwarzenegger was born as the second son of housewife Aurelia Schwarzenegger, née Jadrny (1922–1998), and of gendarme Gustav Schwarzenegger (1907–1972) in the municipality of Thal near Graz . His parents married on October 20, 1945 in Mürzsteg . Arnold and his older brother Meinhard (1946–1971) grew up in a parental home that was typically strict for that time. From 1953 Schwarzenegger attended elementary school in Thal, before he switched to the Friedrich Fröbel secondary school in Graz in 1957 . Schwarzenegger did his military service with the Army's 4th Panzer Battalion in Graz.

In 1968 Schwarzenegger emigrated to the USA, where he practiced bodybuilding in the 1970s and made contacts with other professional athletes. On May 20, 1971, his brother Meinhard died in a car accident, and the following year his father died of a stroke in Weiz .

From 1973 Schwarzenegger attended courses in business administration at two community colleges ( SMC and WLAC ), UCLA and UW . Because of his visa , he was not allowed to study regularly. He was only allowed to take a limited number of courses at each facility. In 1979 Schwarzenegger graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in international economics from the University of Wisconsin-Superior (UW).

The US citizenship was Schwarzenegger on 16 September 1983. On 26 April 1986, the married Republican Schwarzenegger's niece John F. Kennedy , the Democratic journalist Maria Shriver , with whom he has four children:

In early May 2011, the couple announced their separation. A few days later, Schwarzenegger declared that he was the father of the child (Joseph Baena, * 1997) of a long-term domestic worker. His maid was pregnant at the same time that his wife was pregnant with Christopher.

Schwarzenegger lives in Los Angeles in the Brentwood neighborhood .

Previously already successful as the owner of the Schatzi on Main restaurant in Santa Monica , Schwarzenegger opened the fast food chain Planet Hollywood in New York in 1991 together with his fellow actors Bruce Willis , Demi Moore , Jackie Chan and Sylvester Stallone . In 1998 he sold his shares in Schatzi on Main.

On October 4, 2012, the autobiography was published under the name Total Recall: Autobiography - The true story of my life , in the Schwarzenegger u. a. writes about his misstep with his housekeeper. A trailer for the book has been published on YouTube .

Arnold Schwarzenegger says he has lived “almost vegan” since 2016 and promoted the vegan lifestyle as part of a campaign with the environmental organization WildAid .

Athletic career

The path to becoming the most successful bodybuilder in the world

Arnold Schwarzenegger, whose father was a master in curling , already played various sports as a child. From the age of ten he played football in a club and also practiced various individual sports such as swimming and boxing . At the age of 14, the young Arnold entered a weightlifting studio for the first time in his life because his soccer coach had ordered strength training for the legs. Schwarzenegger soon gave up playing football completely and joined the small group that was practicing bodybuilding , which was still relatively unknown in Europe at the time . He drew his motivation and his knowledge mainly from American trade magazines, in which photos and training programs of the stars of the scene at the time were printed. Especially Reg Park , who has already won several important titles, but whose popularity was primarily due to his participation in various sandal films, impressed Schwarzenegger and served as a role model.

Up to the age of 18, Schwarzenegger competed alongside bodybuilding in a few Olympic weightlifting competitions , where he was Austrian national champion in the junior class in 1965 . In October of the same year he won his first major bodybuilding competition in Stuttgart with the international junior championship "Best Build Athlete" . Immediately after his victory, Schwarzenegger met the Munich businessman Rolf Putziger , in whose bodybuilding studio he took up a position as a trainer in 1966. Also in 1966 took Schwarzenegger for the first time at the World Championships of the Association NABBA in London in part, finishing with 19 years immediately took second place in the category of amateurs. A year later he won the NABBA World Championship at the same location, making him the youngest Mister Universe to date at the age of nineteen . On his third participation in 1968 Schwarzenegger had to compete as the reigning world champion of the amateur class according to the NABBA rules in the professional category, where he won his second Mr. Universum title.

For Schwarzenegger, this victory was the springboard for his international bodybuilding career. Immediately after the NABBA World Championships, the Austrian was invited by the American entrepreneur and publisher of various BB magazines Joe Weider to the world championship of the rival association IFBB , which was to replace NABBA as the most important BB organization in the following years. At that time, the establishment of bodybuilding as a competitive sport in the USA, and especially in California, was much more advanced than in Europe - this was also reflected in the higher level of performance of the athletes. When he took part in the IFBB Mr. Universe competition for the first time in 1968, Schwarzenegger was beaten by the 15 kg lighter American Frank Zane and had to be content with second place. After this competition, the native of Styria stayed in the USA, where he was able to train far more professionally than in Munich. The better training opportunities led to a further improvement in form and so he was able to win the IFBB World Championship in 1969. In May 1968 Schwarzenegger had contested and won his last professional powerlifting competition in Munich .

At that time, Schwarzenegger was only missing the title of Mr. Olympia , which was fought for on the same evening as the IFBB Mr. Universum . The fight was also carried out by the IFBB. In contrast to the association's own world championship, the Mr. Olympia had the highest sporting value of all competitions worldwide, as the world champions of all associations had the opportunity to compare themselves with each other. In 1967 and 1968 Sergio Oliva was able to win the “championship of championships”. The Cuban exile was also the last remaining world-class athlete that Schwarzenegger had not yet defeated in competition. Nothing changed about that after their first meeting at the Mr. Olympia in 1969, as Oliva had the upper hand in the duel with just 4: 3 referee votes and thus again defended his title. By winning the NABBA World Championship for professionals again, Schwarzenegger was able to console himself a week later in London with at least his fourth Mr. Universe title.

In 1970 the NABBA World Championships took place in London before the Mr. Olympia. In this competition, which Schwarzenegger won again, Schwarzenegger's idol Reg Park was among the defeated, who ultimately finished second on his comeback. One day after winning his fifth Mister Universe title in Columbus (Ohio) , Schwarzenegger was able to take revenge for his defeat at Mr. Olympia the year before by winning the Mister World competition over Sergio Oliva . Two weeks later, Schwarzenegger was able to crown himself in this most prestigious championship when he was able to defeat Sergio Oliva again.

Since then, Schwarzenegger has dominated the BB scene and won all the competitions in which he participated. This also included seven wins at the Mr. Olympia, where he finally put his long-time rival Sergio Oliva in his place in 1972. In 1975 Schwarzenegger announced his retirement from competitive sport and from then on devoted himself increasingly to the film business. In the following years he also organized several BB competitions with his partner Jim Lorimer , including the Mr. Olympia from 1976 to 1979. In 1979 he became an international weightlifting coach at the Special Olympics .

In 1980 Schwarzenegger returned to the competition scene after a five-year break and beat the assembled world elite at the Mr. Olympia competition in Sydney . This win was Schwarzenegger's last appearance as a bodybuilder. Due to a lack of motivation, this time he turned his back on the competition stage forever. Schwarzenegger continued to be interested and committed to the sport of bodybuilding and initiated the Arnold Classic competition, which was held for the first time in 1989 and named after him .

With a total of seven Mr. Olympia titles and five Mr. Universum titles, Arnold Schwarzenegger was the most successful bodybuilder of his time and is still regarded as a formative personality in bodybuilding today. In 1999 Schwarzenegger was inducted into the IFBB Hall of Fame. Schwarzenegger received the Laureus World Sports Award (Sport for Good Award) in 2003 for his charitable work .

Most important titles

  • IFBB Mr. Olympia (7 ×): 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1980
  • NABBA Mr. Universe (4 ×): 1967 (amateur category), 1968, 1969, 1970 (professional category)
  • IFBB Mr. Universe : 1969
  • IFBB Mr. International : 1969
  • IFBB Mr. World : 1970
  • IFBB Mr. Europe : 1966, 1969

Others

He became a bestselling author with books like The Encyclopedia of Modern Bodybuilding , Arnold: The Education of a Bodybuilder, and Arnold's Bodybuilding for Men . As early as the late 1960s, he made his first million with fitness items and nutrition.

Schwarzenegger confessed in interviews to anabolic steroid use during his time as an active bodybuilder.

As with any bodybuilder, Schwarzenegger's body measurements were different depending on age and level of training. In the 1970s, the following values ​​were measured during the competition phase:

size 1.88 meter
Weight 106 kilogram
Arm circumference 56 centimeter
Chest circumference 145 centimeter
waist size 86 centimeter
Thigh circumference 72 centimeter
Calf circumference 51 centimeter

Since March 1, 2013, Schwarzenegger has been Group Executive Editor ( Editor-in-Chief ) at American Media, a publishing company of its early sponsor Joe Weider , which publishes many bodybuilding, sports and fitness magazines.

Nickname

In the USA it was also known as "The Austrian Oak".

Film career

Schwarzenegger
's prints in front of Grauman's Chinese Theater

actor

Before his actual film career, Schwarzenegger had various, often small roles, including a. one in the episode Dead Lift (German title: Joe Schmidt - Bodybuilder ) of the series The Streets of San Francisco as a bodybuilder who becomes a killer because of an inferiority complex and an uncontrollable temperament.

Schwarzenegger has been interested in hero and sandal films since his youth. He made the decision early on to imitate his role models and become an actor. His imposing appearance helped Schwarzenegger gain a foothold in the film business - initially under the pseudonym Arnold Strong. His first role was that of Hercules in the film Hercules in New York (1969), in which his voice had to be dubbed in the American original because of its strong Styrian accent. This was also his first leading role.

In 1982 Schwarzenegger first gained international recognition as an actor with his leading role in Conan the Barbarian . In 1984 he also starred in the sequel Conan the Destroyer . In the same year, the science fiction film Terminator marked the final breakthrough in Hollywood for both Schwarzenegger and director James Cameron . Schwarzenegger embodied the villain here for the first time, although he only had to speak about 17 sentences with about 70 words in the entire film. This lack of words was also characteristic of Schwarzenegger's subsequent film roles.

In the following years, Schwarzenegger reinforced his reputation as an icon of action and science fiction cinema with the other films ( Phantom-Kommando , Predator , Running Man ), which was based primarily on his impressive physical presence. In addition, he showed a comedic side in humorous productions like Twins (alongside Danny DeVito ) or Kindergarten Cop . By the late 1980s, Schwarzenegger was ultimately one of the top-earning actors in Hollywood. His accent, which was often reviled in the past, has now become his unmistakable trademark.

In 1990 Schwarzenegger played with the 60 million dollar project Total Recall - Total Recall in one of the most expensive productions in film history to date. A year later he slipped into his parade role as Terminator for the second time. Terminator 2 - Day of Reckoning set new standards in terms of both production costs and animation technology and was the top-grossing film of 1991, with grossing over $ 500 million worldwide. As in the first part, James Cameron directed it. The successful duo then worked together twice ( True Lies - Wahre Lügen , 1994, and T2 3-D: Battle Across Time , 1996).

The further development of digital trick technology led to fundamental changes in the film landscape. The classic action cinema, in which the lonely hero set off fireworks, was less and less in demand. As a result, Schwarzenegger was no longer able to build on his successes of the early 1990s. Films like The 6th Day or Collateral Damage - Time of Retribution fell far short of expectations in terms of audience approval. Finally, with the completion of the shooting of Terminator 3 - Rebellion of the Machines in September 2002, the film career of the native Austrian temporarily ended. From then on, Schwarzenegger turned fully to politics and was finally elected Governor of California in October 2003. Only in 2004 did he have a brief guest appearance in the Jules Verne film around the world in 80 days . Due to his close friendship with Sylvester Stallone , Schwarzenegger made a cameo appearance in his action film The Expendables in 2010 .

In January 2011, Schwarzenegger told a Swiss newspaper that, after his political career, he was actually going back to acting and was already reading three scripts. A little later it became known that the Universal film studios wanted to shoot another part of the Terminator series, but Schwarzenegger's involvement was only speculated. Then it was announced that his first film after his political career would be the action comedy Cry Macho , directed by Brad Furman , and that Schwarzenegger would play an aging hero in it. Due to a marriage crisis, Schwarzenegger put his comeback plans on hold.

After much speculation, Schwarzenegger didn't start filming The Last Stand until late 2011 . His role in this film was that of an old sheriff who is to blame for the crippling of his former colleague and who can now prove himself against a drug lord. In the meantime, he canceled his participation in Cry Macho , although he would have received more fee for this than for The Last Stand : He wanted to test himself first before he tackled large projects again. He was previously featured in The Expendables 2 , where he played a bigger role.

Together with James Cameron and Jerry Weintraub , Schwarzenegger was Executive Producer of the 9-part documentary series Years of Living Dangerously , which deals with the causes and consequences of climate change . The first episode aired on Showtime TV in April 2014 . In one episode, Schwarzenegger also appears as a correspondent and reports on the fight of the Californian fire department against the consequences of global warming in the form of large-scale forest fires.

In late 2014, Schwarzenegger starred in a leading role with Abigail Breslin in the horror drama Maggie, directed by Henry Hobson . Filming of Terminator: Genisys , the fifth installment in the series, starring Schwarzenegger in the role of T-800 , had started in April 2014, and the film was released on July 9, 2015.

A continuation of the Conan series has been planned for a long time. The script by Will Beall and Chris Morgan is said to begin with the same scene that ended the last part of the series.

In May 2015 Schwarzenegger announced that he would start work on The Legend of Conan immediately after Terminator: Genisys , but then preferred to shoot the film 478 . In this film, he plays a man who seeks revenge on an air traffic control officer responsible for the death of his family. The production was titled Vendetta - all that remained to him was revenge published

In 2019, Schwarzenegger can be seen again as Terminator in Terminator: Dark Fate . This is a continuation of the second part of the series and ignores the other films.

Director

Schwarzenegger made his directorial debut with an episode of the TV series Tales from the Crypt . His first own film was the television comedy Christmas In Connecticut (1992) with Kris Kristofferson and Tony Curtis , in which he also appears briefly as an actor.

Together with Stan Lee , Schwarzenegger wanted to publish an animated series and a comic book about a superhero under the title The Governator . However, the project was dropped in May 2011, only two months after its announcement, as a result of Schwarzenegger's infidelity.

Movies

movie theater

Cinema - short appearances, speaking roles, cameos, etc.

watch TV

  • 1974: Lucille Ball: Happy Anniversary and Goodbye
  • 1977: The Streets of San Francisco ( The Streets of San Francisco , television series, Episode Deadlift )
  • 1977: California Okay ( The San Pedro Beach Bums , TV series, episode Lifting is my Life )
  • 1977–1979: Dinah! (TV series, 3 episodes)
  • 1980: The Jayne Mansfield Story ( The Jayne Mansfield Story )
  • 1986: Mensch Meier (short appearance)
  • 1989-2017: Entertainment Tonight (TV series)
  • 1990: Tales from the Crypt ( Tales from the Crypt , TV Show, Episode Switch )
  • 1992: Only Santa Claus Was To Blame ( Christmas in Connecticut , director)
  • 2002: Liberty's Kids: Est. 1776 (voice, 2 episodes)
  • 2004–2005: Hannity & Colmes (TV series, 2 episodes)
  • 2005: Imagine
  • 2006–2008: Meet the Press
  • 2008: 60 minutes
  • 2009: Desperate Beauty - Desperate Beauty Kambakkht Ishq
  • 2010: Gerrymandering (documentary)
  • 2011: 16th Annual Critics' Choice Movie Awards
  • 2011: California State of Mind: The Legacy of Pat Brown (documentary)
  • 2014: Years of Living Dangerously (Executive Producer and "Correspondent")
  • 2015: Two and a Half Men (TV series, episode 12x16)
  • 2020: Superhero Kindergarten (TV series, 1 episode)

As a producer

As a director

Awards and nominations (selection)

Schwarzenegger received the following honors and awards for his acting activities:

Schwarzenegger star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame
Result category Award
1977 Won Best Acting Debut in a Film - Male Golden Globes
1987 Won Star on the Walk of Fame - Motion Picture Walk of Fame
1985 Nominated Best actor Saturn Award
1988 Nominated Best actor Saturn Award
1991 Nominated Best actor Saturn Award
1992 Won Best male performance MTV Movie Awards
Won Life Career Award Saturn Award
Nominated Best actor Saturn Award
1994 Nominated Best actor Saturn Award
1995 Nominated Best performance by an actor in a film, comedy or musical Golden Globes
Nominated Best kiss MTV Movie Awards
Nominated Best dance scene MTV Movie Awards
Nominated Best actor Saturn Award
1996 Won Film - International Bambi (award)
Won Male star of the year Golden Apple Award
1997 Nominated Best action scene MTV Movie Awards
1998 Won World Artist Award Blockbuster Entertainment Awards
Nominated Favorite Supporting Actor - Sci-Fi Blockbuster Entertainment Awards
2000 Nominated Favorite Actor - Action / Science Fiction Blockbuster Entertainment Awards
2001 Nominated Best actor Saturn Award
2004 Nominated Choice Movie Actor - Drama / Action Adventure Teen Choice Awards
2014 Won Outstanding documentary or non-fiction series Primetime Emmy Awards 2014
Nominated Best cooperation Streamy Award
2015 Won Golden Icon Award Zurich Film Festival
2017 Won Bambi Award for Charity Bambi (award)

Although Schwarzenegger received the Golden Globe for Best Newcomer in 1977 for his role in Mister Universum , critics repeatedly accused him of a lack of acting talent. During the course of his career, Schwarzenegger was nominated a total of eight times for the Golden Raspberry in the category of worst actor at the Razzie Awards , which were held as a "counter-Oscar" - but was ultimately never awarded. This earned him the unflattering title Worst Razzie Loser of Our First 25 Years at the “Raspberry” awards in 2005 (worst non-title holder in the first 25 years).

German voice actors

In his first film Hercules in New York Schwarzenegger was dubbed by Wolf Goldan , but the film was dubbed shortly afterwards with Thomas Danneberg . Charles Elkins gave him his voice in Mr. Universe . After these films, Schwarzenegger was dubbed only by Danneberg for a period of thirty years. Since Danneberg also dubbed Sylvester Stallone , Danneberg was cast on both actors in the films The Expendables , The Expendables 2 and The Expendables 3 . In the film Escape Plan , the two actors again appeared together; here, however, Schwarzenegger was dubbed by Ralph Schicha , Stallone, as usual, by Danneberg. In March 2019, Danneberg announced that he was going to retire. Then Bernd Egger took over the synchronization for Schwarzenegger in Terminator: Dark Fate .

Political career

Beginnings of his political career

Schwarzenegger is a member of the Republican Party . He is also a member of the Republican Main Street Partnership , an association of moderate Republicans who are less conservative than the rest of the party. Until his candidacy for governor of California , he appeared politically only occasionally. In 1990 he was appointed chairman of the national council for fitness and sport by then- US President George Bush .

Governor of California

Schwarzenegger (2010)

On August 7, 2003, Schwarzenegger publicly announced his candidacy for governor of California. Previously, a petition for a recall against the Democratic incumbent Gray Davis had received enough votes. He announced that every dollar that Davis spent to prevent his election would be countered with a dollar of his own. He brought former US Secretary of State George P. Shultz and billionaire Warren Buffett to his team . During his election campaign, Schwarzenegger was violently attacked by some of his Republican party friends as a "cheat candidate" because, in their opinion, he did not show a particularly sharp profile as a Republican. Others, such as the former mayor of Los Angeles Richard Riordan , who had renounced his own application in favor of Schwarzenegger, supported the political career changer. In general, Schwarzenegger as a person (or his acting career) came to the fore instead of planned politics, and Schwarzenegger only took part in one debate during the election campaign. In the October 7, 2003 election, 55% of California voters voted for Governor Davis to be ousted; who became only the second prematurely elected governor in US history. When voting on a successor, Schwarzenegger won the gubernatorial election with over 48% of the votes cast. His closest competitor, Lieutenant Governor Cruz Bustamante , received 31%. In total there were over 100 candidates, but most of them received less than one percent of the vote. Schwarzenegger was sworn in as the 38th governor of the state of California on November 17, 2003 .

Schwarzenegger knew how to win support from political opponents, which was necessary from the outset in view of the democratic majority in the Californian parliament. For example, in 2005 he appointed the Democrat Susan Kennedy as his new chief of staff . As a former actor he knew how to present himself in public; Humor and a sense of family paint a sympathetic image of him in the media that is close to the people. His announcement that he would forego his salary as governor also contributed to this.

Budget policy and controversy

Abroad, particularly in Europe, Schwarzenegger's unrelenting stance on the death penalty received a lot of attention and was heavily criticized by the public. In Austria, among other things, various political directions demanded that his Austrian citizenship , which he had not lost despite his American citizenship , should be withdrawn. In January 2005, a discussion broke out for the first time about changing the name of the “Arnold Schwarzenegger Stadium” in Graz, as Schwarzenegger rejected a petition for pardon from a man sentenced to death on January 19, 2005, but the talks in the Graz municipal council fizzled out. Another execution was carried out in California in December 2005, Schwarzenegger again rejected all requests for clemency, and politicians again demanded that the stadium be renamed. Before an agreement could be reached in the Graz municipal council, Schwarzenegger came before a decision and withdrew the city of Graz the right to use his name. For the time being, the stadium was renamed the UPC Arena , today it is called the Merkur Arena .

In California, however, Schwarzenegger's policy is more controversial because of his awarding of government contracts and posts to business people who are closely related according to the allegations and his budget policy. He suffered a heavy defeat in the November 2005 referendum on his reform plans when voters rejected all of the Republican's plans. This involved longer probationary periods for teachers, stricter requirements for trade unions, a new regulation of the electoral district boundaries and cuts in the budget. His announcement that his government policy would reduce the California budget deficit - for example through some cuts that were not included in the referendum and implemented later - was not honored. The deficit widened from the housing bubble and decreased tax revenues instead, and California's credit rating was rated the lowest of any US state . Schwarzenegger ordered a further package of cuts in 2010 with an estimated amount of 12.4 billion dollars. The package included, among other things, unpaid compulsory leave for employees, significant cuts (and thus layoffs) in health, education and social services as well as increased school fees.

In January 2006, Schwarzenegger was the Parliament of the Mexican state of Baja California Sur to unwanted person explained. The tightened integration policy of Schwarzenegger, who originally immigrated to the USA himself, was described by the Mexican politicians as "racist".

Governor Schwarzenegger in 2003 with incumbent US President George W. Bush

Environmental policy

Schwarzenegger, as a Republican, only partially followed the political program of US President George W. Bush in environmental policy . On June 1st, 2005, the governor signed Executive Order S-3-05 to reduce greenhouse gases in his state, even though the USA has not ratified the Kyoto Protocol , which sets binding target values ​​for greenhouse gas emissions . According to this new regulation, California's greenhouse gas emissions should have been reduced to 2000 levels by 2010 and 1990 levels by 2020. In 2050, the emission values ​​may finally be 20% of those in 1990. His successor in office Jerry Brown set an additional interim target in his Executive Order B-30-15 in April 2015, according to which greenhouse gas emissions must be 40% below those of 1990 by 2030.

Schwarzenegger focused primarily on reducing vehicle emissions, as these are responsible for at least 30% of climate-damaging greenhouse gases in California alone - where 32 million vehicles are registered. To this end, he relied on the resolution AB-1493 of the Californian parliament under Governor Gray Davis , according to which a drastic reduction in car exhaust fumes was stipulated for California in 2002 due to stricter emission limits.

To single-handedly set these limits, an application was filed in Washington in 2005 to exempt California from the milder federal air pollution laws. This advance by the West Coast state met with great resistance from the automotive industry. A California district court, however, dismissed the lawsuit of the automakers, who insisted on uniform nationwide laws. Commonly known as the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 , Bill AB 32 subsequently passed the California legislature and was signed by Schwarzenegger on September 27, 2006. The law mandates the California Air Resources Board to develop and implement measures to achieve greenhouse gas emission values ​​from 1990 to 2020.

Eight years later, in 2014, greenhouse gas emissions were 441.5 million metric tons of CO2e , 2.4% above the 2020 target:

time 1990 2006 2007 2014 2020 (target)
CO2e (million MT ) 431 476.5 484.2 441.5 431

Schwarzenegger also campaigned for the promotion of renewable energies in California. He paved the way for a funding program based on the example of the German Renewable Energy Sources Act . With Executive Order S-14-08 on November 17, 2008, he set the target that California's electricity providers should obtain 33% of their energy from renewable sources by 2020.

In 2010 he founded the R20 Regions of Climate Action , an environmental protection initiative made up of 20 regional governments around the world.

Re-election

On November 7, 2006, Schwarzenegger achieved his re-election for the second and legally final term as Governor of California. He prevailed against the democratic challenger Phil Angelides with 55.9% of the vote, with a very low turnout . His comment on the election: “I love making multi-part series. But this is without a doubt my favorite sequel ” . He took his oath for the second term on January 5, 2007.

According to the California constitution, Schwarzenegger could not run for governor again in November 2010, as the constitution only allows for one re-election. In January 2011 he was therefore replaced by the Democrat Jerry Brown .

In presidential election campaigns

In the 2008 presidential election campaign , Schwarzenegger supported Republican John McCain . He and McCain performed at an event in Columbus , Ohio a few days before the election .

When Schwarzenegger was approached by Der Spiegel in autumn 2010 about the 2012 election , he was convinced that Democrat Barack Obama , the 2008 winner, would be re-elected. He doubted that the Republicans would find a good candidate. Regarding their main campaign concern, the dismantling of Obama's health care reform, he indicated that the party would not have used the many years that it had been in power in Washington.

On October 19, 2013, the New York Post reported that at a promo appointment for his film Escape Plan , Schwarzenegger said he was lobbying to run for the 2016 presidential election. As an immigrant, however, he did not meet the necessary requirements to be able to become US president. These efforts were unsuccessful.

Instead, Schwarzenegger wrote on Instagram after the footage of sexist remarks by Republican candidate Donald Trump was published that he would not vote for the Republicans for the first time since his naturalization in 1983. Schwarzenegger also affirmed that he would have run if he had been born in the United States. In early November, at a charity event just before the election, Schwarzenegger was approached by fellow actor Robert De Niro for his Trump tweet because Schwarzenegger did not comment on which candidate he would vote for. In De Niro's view, no vote equated to one vote for Trump. Therefore, De Niro refused to pose for a photo with Schwarzenegger.

After the contract between NBC and Donald Trump to host the reality game show The Apprentice was terminated , Schwarzenegger took over this role in the eighth season The New Celebrity Apprentice , which aired from January 2, 2017, but then left.

Public perception

Schwarzenegger is described in the public perception with attributes such as determination and ambition. In his first national television interviews in the 1970s, he was open to questions about his sport. When asked whether he had also taken “ anabolic steroids ” during his active bodybuilding days, he replied in the affirmative and confessed to having taken them under medical supervision. Critics accuse him of egocentricity and selfishness. Regardless of the evaluation of his person, his career is considered exemplary. Up until his appearance in the film business, strength athletes or bodybuilders were mostly limited to clichéd roles such as Hercules portrayals, which put their bodies in the foreground. These included u. a. Reg Park and Steve Reeves , whom Schwarzenegger called his role models.

The Canadian Joe Weider knew how to use Schwarzenegger's charisma for the interest in bodybuilding and the body cult in general. Marketing began with nutritional supplements , but extended far beyond material goods. Arnold Schwarzenegger, who used the pseudonym Arnold Strong in his first two films, dropped this. His long and unpronounceable surname for many Americans became synonymous with weight training as early as the 1970s. From 1967 to 1975, Schwarzenegger posed in 50 competitions, made it to the podium 47 times and was named Mr. Universe five times and Mr. Olympia seven times . In the 1977 documentary Pumping Iron , Schwarzenegger talked about his understanding of bodybuilding, modeling his body much like a sculptor carves a sculpture. Schwarzenegger posed in front of art students and was drawn and modeled.

Schwarzenegger was not only the most photographed model in Weider's Muscle & Fitness magazine and featured on the front page, but was increasingly featured in social magazines and even political and news magazines like Spiegel and Time magazine . Schwarzenegger was increasingly shown in a pinstripe suit and helped cultivate the self-image that physical exercise should be a part of life. Athletic fitness or body shaping are terms that became socially acceptable in the 1980s. Schwarzenegger's popularity played a part in the fact that gyms were able to shed their rather seedy image until the 1960s.

Schwarzenegger was also used in advertising. Well-known companies such as BMW or E.ON made use of them , as did a Japanese noodle manufacturer. Even Schwarzenegger's “doppelgangers” or the Terminator film character serve as advertising media for some companies.

Pop Culture

The Schwarzenegger cult subsided somewhat with its increased political commitment. However, his person is still given importance and interest, as countless parodies show. The character of Rainier Wolfcastle , who mainly appears in action films, in the American series The Simpsons is based on Schwarzenegger, in The Simpsons - The Film Schwarzenegger himself was President of the USA. The same is said in Demolition Man , in which Sylvester Stallone can be seen as the main actor.

The Stoakoglers from Styria honored him in 1992 in their hit Steirermen san very good in the refrain. On the occasion of his 60th birthday in July 2007, the Austrian cartoonist Manfred Deix published the satirical picture book biography Arnold Schwarzenegger. The bare truth about his life as a “bodybuilder, Mister Universum, womanizer, mother's son, barbarian, disabled friend and governor,” says Deix in the foreword.

On April 6, 2013 Schwarzenegger performed for World Wrestling Entertainment at their Hall of Fame Ceremony and gave the laudatory speech for his long-time friend Bruno Sammartino . Just two years later he was even included in the Hall of Fame as an honorary member, gave the presentation speech multiple WWE Champion Triple H . As Terminator (T-800) Arnold Schwarzenegger is part of the computer game WWE 2K 16 from World Wrestling Entertainment. He can also be seen in the trailer for the game, for example in Terminator style.

On May 24th, 2019 Arnold Schwarzenegger released a song with the Austrian pop star Andreas Gabalier called "Pump it Up".

science

In the humanities, Schwarzenegger's cinematic work has so far been the main theme. In 2000, the journalist Helmut Merschmann interpreted the film Last Action Hero as a prime example of the transfer of postmodern aesthetics into mainstream culture. The media philosopher Konrad Leiner alias QRT took a similar position to Last Action Hero in 1999 : “Schwarzenegger [succeeds] in an extremely sophisticated crossover of comedy, action film, police film, children's film and serial, and a very intelligent game with auto-reflective and iterative levels. As the postmodern aesthetic dictates, the film is overgrown with quotations, quotes, placements and even self-citations from earlier Schwarzenegger films . ”In 1994, the philosopher Peter Sloterdijk recognized a“ genre of experimental prehistory and early history in the genre of action films, which has significantly shaped Schwarzenegger ". About the second part of the Terminator series, Sloterdijk wrote that the film, with the help of its basic theme, namely "running and shooting", "sends its probes into the hominization field [back] to enlighten us and ourselves about the real content of prehistoric human education".

Political science-oriented, but not strictly academic studies during Schwarzenegger's tenure as governor of California were among other things. a. Written by journalists Daniel Weintraub ( The Sacramento Bee ) and Joe Matthews ( Los Angeles Times ). With the term "Blockbuster Democracy", Matthews described Schwarzenegger's political style, which linked democracy and entertainment more closely than ever before. Weintraub described Schwarzenegger as the “Party of One” and thus a pioneering figure for a form of democracy no longer oriented towards party politics, in which flexible, non-ideological swing voters increasingly set the tone. Laurence Leamers Fantastic is one of the numerous biographies about Schwarzenegger . The Life of Arnold Schwarzenegger (2005) and Marc Hujers Arnold Schwarzenegger. The biography (2009) most detailed on Schwarzenegger's political career.

The art historian and philosopher Jörg Scheller presented the first comprehensive humanities study on Schwarzenegger in 2012. In his book Arnold Schwarzenegger or The Art of Bringing a Life , he dedicates himself to Schwarzenegger as a mythological figure. Scheller analyzes u. a. Schwarzenegger's excursions into the art system of the 1970s, when body and performance art as well as crossings between high culture and subculture were in vogue, and illuminates Schwarzenegger's acquaintance with Andy Warhol . In addition, he recognizes parallels between the myth of Schwarzenegger and the ancient myth of Hercules , since both figures had no semantic core and instead were characterized by performative skills such as strength and perseverance: “Like Heracles / Hercules, Schwarzenegger is considered a prime example of self-transgression beyond ideological boundaries and is characterized by the typical contradictions of the ancient hero, which is only held together by the discursive bond of mythology. ” According to Scheller, Nietzsche's vitalistic-biological conception of the superman can also be used for a better understanding of Schwarzenegger, since Nietzsche sees the superman as cheerful, power and body conscious being without ideological or religious zeal. Schwarzenegger corresponds to this ideal with regard to his typical "balancing pendulum movements between excess, hubris, contradictions and spontaneity on the one hand, and willingness to compromise, adaptation and post-ideological thinking on the other."

Awards outside of sports and film

On March 13, 1993, the Austrian Federal President Thomas Klestil presented him with the Great Gold Medal of Honor for Services to the Republic of Austria .

In 1996 he was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Wisconsin in Superior . A year later, the Arnold Schwarzenegger Stadium was opened in Graz-Liebenau . However, in response to the debate about Schwarzenegger's failure to pardon Stanley Williams, who had been sentenced to death, the city of Graz renamed it again in 2006 as a result of Schwarzenegger's subsequent revocation of the naming rights . It is now called Merkur Arena .

For his support of Holocaust research, Schwarzenegger received the National Leadership Award from the Simon Wiesenthal Foundation in 1991 and 1997 .

In 2001 he was awarded an honorary doctorate from the former private IMADEC University in Vienna . However, in 2006, after a ruling by the Austrian Administrative Court, the award turned out to be invalid, as private universities have no right to award honorary doctorates.

In 2012, Schwarzenegger was appointed professor at the Schwarzenegger Institute for State and Global Policy in California, named after him . Here he wants to work for a future-oriented policy.

2017 he was of François Hollande , the award commander of the Legion of Honor awarded at the Elysee Palace for its commitment to environmental protection.

For this commitment, he was also awarded the Bambi in the category “Our Earth” in 2017 .

In 2017 he received the Ring of Honor of the State of Styria .

In 2018, the smallest known fly was named after Schwarzenegger ( Megapropodiphora arnoldi ).

health

Schwarzenegger was born with a bicuspid aortic valve . In 1997, Schwarzenegger had an artificial heart valve inserted. When this was supposed to be exchanged during an "experimental operation" via catheter at the Cedars Sinai Hospital in Los Angeles at the end of March 2018, complications arose and a conservative variant of the procedure was switched to, in which the chest is opened.

literature

  • Nigel Andrews : Arnold Schwarzenegger: Myth and Truth of an American Dream . Translation from the English Bert Rebhandl . St. Andrä-Wierter: Hannibal, 1997
  • Ralf Güldenzopf: The People's Governor. Arnold Schwarzenegger's election as governor of California. poli-c-books, Berlin / Munich 2005, ISBN 3-938456-05-1 .
  • Marc Hujer: Arnold Schwarzenegger: The biography. Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 2009, ISBN 978-3-421-04405-1 .
  • Hans Janitschek : Arnold of California. The steep path of the Styrian boy Arnold Schwarzenegger. Molden Verlag, Vienna 2003, ISBN 3-85485-105-7 .
  • Werner Kopacka , Christian Jauschowetz: Arnold up close. Herbig Verlag, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-7766-2362-4 . (With a foreword by Arnold Schwarzenegger)
  • Konradin Leiner : Battlefields of an Electronic Desert. Schwarzkopf, Schwarzenegger, Black Magic Johnson. Merve Verlag, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-88396-152-3 .
  • Joe Matthews: The People's Machine: Arnold Schwarzenegger and the Rise of Blockbuster Democracy . Public Affairs, New York 2006.
  • Peter Osteried: Arnold Schwarzenegger and his films. MPW, Hille 2011, ISBN 978-3-942621-03-8 .
  • Arnold Schwarzenegger: Bodybuilding for Men: The perfect program for body and muscle training. Heyne Verlag, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-453-87991-0 .
  • Arnold Schwarzenegger, Douglas Kent Hall: Career of a Bodybuilder. 6th edition, Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1991, ISBN 3-453-41625-2 .
  • Arnold Schwarzenegger, Peter Petre: Total Recall. The real story of my life. Hoffmann and Campe, Hamburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-455-50278-7 . ( Autobiography with many photos)
  • Jörg Scheller: Arnold Schwarzenegger or the art of living a life. Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2012, ISBN 978-3-515-10106-6 . (Zugl .: Karlsruhe, State University for Design, dissertation, 2011)
  • Daniel Weintraub: Party of One: Arnold Schwarzenegger and the Rise of the Independent Voter. PoliPointPress, Sausalito 2007.

Web links

Commons : Arnold Schwarzenegger  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

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  63. Peter Sloterdijk, “Sendboten der Kraft: On the Metaphysics of Action Cinema. Using the example of James Cameron's Terminator 2 ”, in: Andreas Rost (ed.), Images of Violence, Frankfurt a. M .: Verlag der Autor, 1994, p. 20.
  64. Ibid., P. 21.
  65. See Joe Matthews, The People's Machine: Arnold Schwarzenegger and the Rise of Blockbuster Democracy, New York: Public Affairs, 2006.
  66. See Daniel Weintraub, Party of One: Arnold Schwarzenegger and the Rise of the Independent Voter, Sausalito: PoliPointPress, 2007, pp. 127-139.
  67. See Scheller 2012, pp. 41–77.
  68. Ibid., Pp. 108-109.
  69. Ibid., P. 192.
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