Zollstrasse (Düsseldorf)

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Zollstrasse
coat of arms
Street in Düsseldorf
Zollstrasse
Houses at Zollstrasse 6 to 10 on the north side (2011)
Basic data
place Dusseldorf
District Old Town (Düsseldorf)
Created from the middle of the 16th century
Connecting roads Market square and Rhine promenade
use
User groups Foot traffic
Technical specifications
Street length ≈75 m
Customs gate before renovation
Customs gate with houses number 7 "En de Canon" (front left, still with balcony), 5 (rear left), 4 (rear right) and 6 (right)

The toll road is a historically significant small street in Dusseldorf , between the Rhine promenade and the market place at the town hall is located. In the past, as now, the street ended at the market square, at the extended front flight of the Grupellohaus , and began with the customs gate in the city wall in front of the banks of the Rhine. Today the location is largely unchanged, but without the property area of ​​the former customs gate with the two attached houses. Most of the cleared property now belongs to the Rhine promenade. At the end of Zollstrasse at the line of buildings of the Grupellohaus there is a small low wall that extends to the middle of the street. A bronze figure of the foundry boy is placed on this wall , a work by the sculptor Willi Hoselmann from 1932. According to a legend passed down to Heinrich Heine , a foundry boy in the city is said to have collected silver spoons to cast the equestrian statue of Jan Wellem bring together.

In the last world war all houses were badly damaged or destroyed. While the north side has been extensively restored or rebuilt, only the two buildings No. 7 and 9 remain on the south side. Instead of houses 11 and 13, there is now a passage with two levels on the west side of the new building on the south side of the market square. This new pedestrian connection leads to Rheinstrasse .

history

As early as 1324, the Count of Berg was granted permission by imperial authorization to transfer a Rhine toll , which had previously been levied in the south of Duisburg, to Düsseldorf. Kurköln raised an objection to this approval from Ludwig the Bavarian and thereby delayed implementation. In 1377, Count Wilhelm II. Von Berg relocated the Duisburg customs to Düsseldorf with the renewed approval of Emperor Charles IV . In 1380 the customs post for the Rhine toll in Düsseldorf to Duke Wilhelm II was confirmed again by King Wenzel . However, the Cologne firm still objected to this duty in Düsseldorf. In 1386 there was a written agreement between Cologne and Düsseldorf for customs. The Rhine tariff was reduced to a third and the land tariff to half, and the people of Cologne and members of the ore monastery were granted duty-free.

Customs were initially collected from the Lindentrappenpforte , in the area of Krämerstraße and Altestadt and the “ old shipyard ” there. At that time the old town hall was also located there. In 1556 the toll collection was relocated to Zollstrasse, as a “ new shipyard ” had been built on the banks of the Rhine south of the Düsseldorf palace. The town hall was relocated to this area of ​​the city in the middle of the 16th century, and from the new town hall square one could get directly to the banks of the Rhine via Zollstrasse and Zolltor . A warehouse on Zollstrasse, which was built around 1370, was expanded into the Zollhof at the same time.

The street began at the city wall in front of the banks of the Rhine with the customs gate . The gate was probably built in the new city wall relatively late after the first city expansion. Since this new gate was only needed after the expansion of the shipyard upstream from the castle, it was built around 1455. The earliest mention of the street comes from 1571 and concerned the delivery of grain to a warehouse on Zollstrasse. Further details on houses in the street from this period are not available.

The customs gate without demolishing the attached and associated houses No. 1 and 2 was lifted in 1831. When the Rheinuferpromenade was laid out at the end of 1899, houses 1 and 2 were laid down in 1901 in order to have free access to the new Rheinuferpromenade in this area.

Development

From the city tax book of 1632 it can be seen that the street was already built on with houses on both sides at that time. One of the houses is listed in the tax book as "Jacob postman's house" , an indication that postal services were carried out from here even before the Maurenbrechers . The current houses or their predecessors date from the beginning of the 16th to the middle of the 17th century. The next saved data on the buildings and their owners are of a later date.

It is recorded from the customs gate that there was an apartment above the gate passage. This was inhabited in 1746 by the then mayor "Hof-Cammerrath Pool" . During a visit by Prince Carl Theodor to the city, this mayor arranged for a remarkable lighting system to be installed on the gateway in the form of an additional triumphal arch. This arch was equipped with 500 lights that illuminated some of the inscriptions. The texts, homage to the prince, have survived. At the beginning of the 19th century, houses No. 1 and 2 were added to the remains of this Rhine gate by the merchant Arnold Masset . After completion, the two houses formed a unit with the former gate.

The other houses on the south side of the street, at that time a total of seven, were houses no. 3 to 13. House no. 3, called "Im Dudel", was temporarily inhabited by customs officers. The name of one of these servants has been handed down around 1800, he belonged to the Schlömer family . The houses No. 5, 7 and 9 are described in more detail in the chapter Individual Buildings .

Various owners from 1700 onwards are known of no. 11, called “Zum Schloss Benrath” . It is recorded from No. 13 that it was mortgaged by Johann Georg Grävius in 1659 . From this formerly last house on the south side of the street, it is also known that a bakery was operated here around 1800 and that this continued to exist under later owners until after 1887.

There were a total of six houses on the north side of Zollstrasse. The last house on this side of the street is the Grupellohaus , which is counted as part of the market square. House number 2 has already been mentioned. Houses no. 4, called “Im Kurfürst Carl Theodor” , and 6 belonged to the timber merchant Heinrich Heubes around 1800 . Both houses were sold in 1835 and further changes in ownership followed in the 19th century. Different owners of house no. 8, 10 and 12 are known between 1702 and the beginning of 1800. The houses no. 10, called "Zum St. Jakob" , and no. 12, called "Zum golden Löwen" , had their own names like many old houses in the old town. The houses 6, 8 and 10, they are gabled houses, are described separately in a further section with regard to their architectural design.

Today all houses on the north side belong to the extended town hall and are used by council members and their parliamentary groups.

Individual buildings

House no. 5 , called "Zum Hääschen" , was sold in 1662 by Rembold Nix to the carter Johann Maurenbrecher . In addition to house number 7, which had already been acquired a few decades earlier, this building was also required for the postal service. The post coaches could enter the large courtyard area with annexes and rear buildings via a large gate in front of the house wall at No. 7. After the Second World War , the ruins of the destroyed front building including the rear building were torn down. The property is used by the local En de Canon as a beer garden. The former area of ​​the courtyard and the rear buildings are now part of a small green area. This is located in the free interior area formed by the buildings on the Rheinpromenade, Rheinort, Zollstraße and the new passage to Rheinstraße.

House Zollstrasse 7

House no. 7 , known as "En de Canon", was the seat of the Maurenbrecher family in Düsseldorf. These came from Derendorf and Pempelfort and owned agricultural farms there. In the first half of the 17th century they moved their headquarters to Düsseldorf. House No. 7 must have been bought by Tilmann Maurenbrecher before 1632 , as it was listed in the city's tax book from 1632 as “Jacob Postbodtenhaus on Zoll Straess”. Even today, the family coat of arms, a cannon in front of a wall and an inscription “In der Canon”, is still attached above the entrance to the house. From there and a little later from the neighboring house, Tilmann and his successors ran the post office . 1752 was a member of the family, namely Johann Heinrich Maurenbrecher , a wine merchant and built a wine bar in the house. In the carousing room of this restaurant there was a chair by Jan Wellem and one of his wine goblets was also deposited here. He likes to drink here often and with the citizens of the city and the artists who stayed at his court.

The time of the Maurenbrechers in Zollstrasse ended after 1794, as they lost their post holder privilege when the French conquered the Rhineland. In 1804 house no. 7 was already owned by the merchant Georg Wilhelm Pfeil and later by Peter van Els jun. After the French era, the post office was first relocated to Altestadt 17 and then to Carlstadt. There in Poststrasse, in houses No. 1, 4 and 5, there were now post offices and post car workshops. The head of the Prussian Post in Düsseldorf was Wilhelm Maurenbrecher, who was appointed Chief Post Director at the beginning of the 19th century .

The En de Canon was one of the popular bourgeois restaurants in the old town. Customs, such as the Prinzengarde Red-White , were also frequent guests here. The house has been empty since the end of 2014 and the lease with the Schlösser brewery had expired. The winemaker Herbert Engist wants to take over the En de Canon , the city council has yet to agree.

House Zollstrasse 9: House of the Carnival
John Nepomuk statue

The building No. 9 dates from the first half of the 17th century. In 1806 the businessman Arnold Masset , the owner of the two buildings 1 and 2 at the customs gate, was the owner. House number 9 is the last one on this side of the street today. Not until 1985, the city of Düsseldorf left the house to the Friends of the Düsseldorfer Karnevals eV from 1998. The house was extensively restored by this association and used again in 2003 with the opening of an office. This was followed by the establishment of a museum for the carnival by 2008. The building known today as the House of Carnival houses this carnival museum and is the seat of the Comitee Düsseldorfer Carneval eV

The relief of Johannes von Nepomuk on the Grupello house on the side of Zollstrasse, with the inscription (translated) "Saint John of Nepomuk, 1741, renovated in 1827, Christian Beeking, sculptor G. Lode, Senior" comes from the former farm of the house at Zollstrasse 9. Beeking was the owner of the house at that time "To the three imperial crowns", Marktplatz 5. The neighboring house 5a was called "Zum Heiligen Nepomuk".

Gabled houses

The gabled houses 6, 8 and 10 were built in the second half of the 17th century and show a relationship with the predominant Baroque in the neighboring Netherlands. Common for these three houses are their plastered brick facades with a simple ashlar structure and in some cases tie in with "the older tradition". In the “powerful gable structure , mostly supported by volutes ”, there are also “parallels to the southern Dutch baroque”. The house at Zollstrasse 8 is a listed building .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Academic contributions to gülisch and Berg, Volume 3, 1781, in: Certificate CCLIII , S. [482] 263rd
  2. ^ Theodor Joseph Lacomblet, in: Document book for the history of the Lower Rhine or the Archbishopric of Cöln, Certificate 199 , 1853, Part 3, 1301–1400, p. [189] 169. Online version
  3. ^ Friedrich Pfeiffer: Rheinische Transitzölle in the Middle Ages. Berlin, 1997, p. 320.
  4. ↑ Otto Reinhard Redlich:  Wilhelm I, Duke of Berg . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 42, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1897, pp. 723-727.
  5. ^ Theodor Joseph Lacomblet, in: Document book for the history of the Lower Rhine and the Archbishopric of Cöln, document 901 , 1853, part 3, 1301–1400, p. [804] 792.
  6. ↑ a b c Düsseldorfer Geschichtsverein: In: Festschrift for the 600th anniversary. 1888, p. [478] 461.
  7. ^ Hugo Weidenhaupt, In: Düsseldorf, history from the beginnings to the 20th century. 2nd Edition. Volume 1, 1990, ISBN 3-491-34221-X , p. 186.
  8. ↑ a b c H. Ferber: Historical walk through the old city of Düsseldorf. Published by the Düsseldorf History Association. Verlag C. Kraus, 1889, Part II, p. 82.
  9. ^ In: Report on the status and the administration of the community affairs of the city of Düsseldorf. Section: Royal Government Regulations and Notices. No. 372 . Period: April 1, 1899 to March 31, 1900 . 1831. No. 64, p. [404] 407.
  10. ^ In: Report on the status and the administration of the municipal affairs of the city of Düsseldorf Section: II. Opening of new streets . Period: April 1, 1901 to March 31, 1902 . S. [174] 172.
  11. ↑ H. Ferber; in: Düsseldorf's land tax book from 1632. Reprint from 1881, p. [50] 40+ [51] 41.
  12. ↑ H. Ferber: Historical walk through the old city of Düsseldorf. Published by the Düsseldorf History Association. Verlag C. Kraus, 1889, Part II, p. 87.
  13. ↑ H. Ferber: Historical walk through the old city of Düsseldorf. Published by the Düsseldorf History Association. Verlag C. Kraus, 1889, Part II, pp. 82-94.
  14. ↑ H. Ferber: Historical walk through the old city of Düsseldorf. Published by the Düsseldorf History Association. Verlag C. Kraus, Düsseldorf 1889-90, Part II, pp. 87-89.
  15. ^ A b H. Ferber: Historical walk through the old city of Düsseldorf. Published by the Düsseldorf History Association. Verlag C. Kraus, 1889, Part II, p. 83.
  16. ↑ Alfons Houben: 'Düsseldorf' How it was then - how it is today. WI-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1983, ISBN 3-88785-006-9 , pp. 152 and 153.
  17. ↑ Ferber, Heinrich, in: The land tax book of Düsseldorf from 1632 , reprinted 1912, p. [50] 40. Online version
  18. ↑ H. Ferber: Historical walk through the old city of Düsseldorf. Published by the Düsseldorf History Association. Verlag C. Kraus, 1889, Part II, p. 85.
  19. ↑ H. Ferber: Historical walk through the old city of Düsseldorf. Published by the Düsseldorf History Association. Verlag C. Kraus, 1889, Part II, p. 106.
  20. ↑ New tenant for En de Canon , on Lokalbuero.com, from June 11, 2017
  21. ^ Website of the Friends of Düsseldorf Carnival: House of Carnival . Retrieved November 1, 2011.
  22. ↑ Hans Maes (ed.) U. Alfons Houben. With the collaboration of Hatto Küffner and Edmund Spohr : Düsseldorf in stone and bronze. 2nd edition, Triltsch Verlag, Düsseldorf, 1984, ISBN 3-7998-0018-2
  23. ↑ Roland Kanz, Jürgen Wiener (ed.): Architectural Guide Düsseldorf. Dietrich Reimer, Berlin 2001, No. 1 on p. 3.

Remarks

  1. ↑ In older sources such as Düsseldorfer Geschichtsverein; In: Festschrift for the 600th anniversary. 1888, p. [371] 362 is cited in 1373. The German kings / emperors in the 14th century made several decisions for or against the relocation of customs. For example, document 806 from 1371: Emperor Karl VI. permits relocation upon revocation. Document 833 from 1379: King Wenzel abolishes all customs duties imposed by Emperor Charles IV between Rees and Andernach - especially with reference to Düsseldorf. Document 849 from 1380: King Wenzel permits the customs to be moved over 6 Turnosen from Kaiserwert to Düsseldorf. All documents according to Lacomblet, 1853, part 3.
  2. ↑ H. Ferber states that house no. 5 was sold again by the Maurenbrechers in 1776. This cannot be true as there are later photos of the building showing the large gate passage for the mail car. Ferber is probably mistaken for another building on Zollstrasse.

Web links

Commons : Zollstrasse  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 51 ° 13 ′ 32.2 ″  N , 6 ° 46 ′ 17.2 ″  E