Tongue buttercup
| Tongue buttercup | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ranunculus lingua |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Ranunculus lingua | ||||||||||||
| L. |
The tongue buttercup ( Ranunculus lingua ), also known as the large buttercup , is a species of plant in the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae). It thrives in Eurasia in similar locations as the burning buttercup ( Ranunculus flammula ), but is taller and has larger flowers.
description
Appearance
The tongue buttercup grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and usually reaches heights of 60 to 120 (50 to 150) centimeters. Subterranean runners are formed. The strong, upright, hollow stem with a diameter of 10 mm is only slightly branched in the upper area and is hairless or hairy only slightly pressed against each other. Roots are formed at the base of the stem.
Foliage leaf
The leaves are basal and alternate on the stem. The long-stalked basal leaves have an ovate to obovate leaf blade with a heart-shaped, blunt blade base, a length of up to 20 cm and a width of about 8 cm; they wilted at the time of flowering. The lower, with 1.5 cm short stalked and upper sessile stem leaves have a length of 10 to 15 cm and a width of 0.7 to 2 cm; they have an elongated to lanceolate, paper-like leaf blade with a narrowed or rounded blade base, smooth leaf edge and sparsely hairy leaf surfaces.
Inflorescence and flower
The flowering period extends from May to August. At the end of the stem there are usually three to four, rarely up to five flowers in an umbrella-like inflorescence with foliage -like bracts . The flower stalks are 2 to 13.5 cm long.
The hermaphrodite, radial symmetry flowers have a diameter of 2.7 to 4 (up to 5) cm. The base of the flower (receptaculum) is bare. The five sepals are about 7 mm long and elliptical-egg-shaped and hairy on the underside pressed down. The five free, shiny golden yellow petals are 1.7 to 2 cm long and 1.4 to 1.7 cm wide, fan-shaped, obovate, with a truncated base. The nectar group has no scale. There are many stamens with elongated anthers. The durable stylus is very short.
fruit
The egg-shaped collective fruit with a diameter of about 9 mm contains many nuts. The bald nuts are 2 to 3 in length and 1.5 to 1.8 mm in diameter, obovate with a short beak.
Chromosome set
Ranunculus lingua is highly polyploid and has a chromosome number of 2n = approx. 112 or 128.
ecology
The tongue buttercup is a marsh plant or stem plant with underground runners. The stem is thick and hollow in adaptation to the oxygen-poor location. The pollinators of the female flowers are u. a. Flies and beetles . The fruits are subject to swimming and human dispersal; therefore the tongue buttercup is a horticulturist and a cultural relic . The vegetative reproduction takes place through the runners .
Occurrence
Tongued buttercup is common in Europe , Kazakhstan , Siberia, and central Xinjiang . In northern Germany it occurs scattered to moderately often with a focus on river plains, as well as in the hilly and mountainous region of Central Europe in general rarely. It thrives on wet, periodically flooded, nutrient-rich fen soils; z. B. in swamps, reed beds, large sedge, alder forests, on banks of sluggish flowing waters, in moats. It is a character species of the Phragmition association, but also occurs in plant communities of the Magnocaricion association.
Systematics
The first description of Ranunculus lingua was in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , Volume 1, p. 549.
use
The tongue buttercup is occasionally used as an ornamental plant on garden ponds.
literature
- Wang Wencai, Michael G. Gilbert: Ranunculus in der Flora of China , Volume 6, 2001: Ranunculus lingua , p. 420 - online with the same text as the printed work. (Sections Description, Systematics and Distribution)
- Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria. Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer . Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
- Elfrune Wendelberger: Plants of the wetlands - waters, moors, floodplains , Gutenberg Book Guild , Munich 1986, ISBN 3-7632-3265-6 (or BLV-Verlag, ISBN 3-405-12967-2 )
- Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait. 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
Web links
- Ranunculus lingua L., common buttercup. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Tongue buttercup . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Ranunculus lingua L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved October 19, 2015.
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia ).
- Tongued buttercup as a poisonous plant
- Area map at "Den virtuella floran".
Individual evidence
- ↑ Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen: Atlas Florae Europaeae. Volume 8, Nymphaeaceae to Ranunculaceae. Helsinki 1989. ISBN 951-9108-07-6 , p. 199.
- ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 408 .