Dwarf medlars
Dwarf medlars | ||||||||||||
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Illustration of the common cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster integerrimus ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Cotoneaster | ||||||||||||
Medic. |
The cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster ) is a genus of maloideae (Pyrinae) from the family of the rose family (Rosaceae). About 90 species belong to the genus .
The natural range is the Palearctic region (temperate Asia, Europe, North Africa), with a focus on the Himalayas and south-west China .
description
Cotoneaster species grow as deciduous to evergreen shrubs , rarely trees . The growth form ranges from the prostrate ground cover to 15 meter high small trees. The branches are not reinforced (in contrast to the firethorn species ( Pyracantha )). The alternate leaves are simple with a short petiole. The leaf margin is smooth. The stipules are small.
The flowers are sometimes single and few in small bundles, but mostly in umbrella- shaped inflorescences . The hermaphrodite, radially symmetrical flowers are five-fold. The five short sepals are also clearly visible on the fruits. The five petals are white, cream, pink to light purple or red. There are ten to 20 (rarely up to 22) stamens . There are two to five subordinate to semi-subordinate carpels . The two to five styles are free.
The apple-shaped fruit is red to brownish red, or orange to black, the fleshy sepals are still clearly recognizable and they contain only one seed.
All parts of the plant, but especially the fruits, are slightly poisonous.
use
In the temperate latitudes, some species or their varieties are planted as ornamental trees, for example as ground cover . The ground-covering cotoneaster species are also often planted as street green in cities or in open spaces between buildings (so-called “architect parsley”). The genus Cotoneaster is one of the host plants of the fire blight .
Systematics
The cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster ) are a genus of the family of Rosaceae (Rosaceae). There they are assigned to the subfamily Spiraeoideae, Tribus Pyreae, Untertribus pome fruit plants (Pyrinae). The genus was first scientifically described by Friedrich Casimir Medicus in 1789 . About 90 species are assigned to the genus . The following types are listed as valid in the Plant List:
- Pointed-leaved cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster acuminatus Lindl. ) - native to the Himalayas .
- Peking cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster acutifolius Turcz. )
- Trellis-cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster adpressus Bois )
- Cotoneaster affinis Lindl.
- Doubtful cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster ambiguus Rehder & EH Wilson )
- Cotoneaster apiculatus Rehder & EH Wilson
- Wrinkled cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster bullatus Bois ) - ornamental plant, also feral
- Box-leaved cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster buxifolius Wall. Ex Lindl. ), From India.
- Cotoneaster chengkangensis T.T.Yu
- Bow cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster conspicuus (Messel) Messel )
- Cotoneaster coriaceus Franch.
- Carpet cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster dammeri . C.K. cutting - named after the botanists Udo Damme ) - similar to the Cotoneaster horizontalis ( C. horizontalis ), but lying flat on the ground, leaves oblong or elliptical; is native to China.
- Diels cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster dielsianus E. Pritz. Ex Diels )
- Bulky cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster divaricatus Rehder & EH Wilson ), it comes from China.
- Cotoneaster fangianus T.T. Yu
- Cotoneaster floridus J. Fryer & B. Hylmo
- Cotoneaster foveolatus Rehder & EH Wilson
- Franchets cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster franchetii Bois ), it comes from western China.
- Tree cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster frigidus Wall.ex Lindl. )
- Cotoneaster glabratus Rehder & EH Wilson
- Cotoneaster glaucophyllus Franch.
- Cotoneaster glomerulatus W.W. Sm.
- Cotoneaster gracilis Rehder & EH Wilson
- Cotoneaster harrovianus E.H. Wilson
- Cotoneaster harrysmithii Flinck & B. Hylmo
- Cotoneaster hebephyllus Diels
- Cotoneaster hissaricus Pojark.
- Japanese cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster horizontalis Decne. ) - undemanding ground cover, only partially evergreen, herringbone-like branches, small round leaves, neophyte , native to China.
- Cotoneaster insignis Pojark.
- Common cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster integerrimus Medik. ) - native to Central Europe.
- Cotoneaster krasnovii Pojark.
- Cotoneaster langei G. Klotz
- Cotoneaster marginatus (Loudon) Schltdl.
- Cotoneaster melanocarpus Lodd., G. Lodd. & W. Lodd.
- Small-leaved cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster microphyllus Wall. Ex Lindl. ), Native to the Himalayas .
- Cotoneaster miniatus (Rehder & EH Wilson) Flinck & B. Hylmo
- Cotoneaster mongolicus Pojark.
- Cotoneaster morrisonensis Hayata
- Moupin cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster moupinensis Franch. )
- Rich-flowered cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster multiflorus Bunge ), native to China.
- Cotoneaster neoantoninae A.N. Vassiljeva
- Cotoneaster neopopovii Czerep.
- Cotoneaster nitens Rehder & EH Wilson
- Cotoneaster nitidifolius C. Marquand
- Cotoneaster nitidus Jacq.
- Cotoneaster nummularioides Pojark.
- Cotoneaster nummularius fish. & CA Mey.
- Cotoneaster obscurus Rehder & EH Wilson
- Cotoneaster oliganthus Pojark.
- Coarse cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster pannosus Franch. ) From southwest China.
- Cotoneaster qungbixiensis J. Fryer & B. Hylmo
- Dense-flowered cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster racemiflorus (Desf.) K. Koch )
- Cotoneaster reticulatus Rehder & EH Wilson
- Cotoneaster rhytidophyllus Rehder & EH Wilson
- Round-leaved cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster rotundifolius Wall. Ex Lindl. )
- Cotoneaster rubens W.W.Sm.
- Willow-leaved cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster salicifolius Franch. ) From China.
- Cotoneaster sanguineus T.T. Yu
- Cotoneaster schantungensis Klotz
- Cotoneaster sherriffii G. Klotz
- Cotoneaster silvestrii Pamp.
- Cotoneaster soongoricus (Rule) Popov
- Winter Green cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster sternianus (Turrill) Boom )
- Cotoneaster subadpressus T.T. Yu
- Cotoneaster submultiflorus Popov
- Cotoneaster taylorii T.T.Yu
- Cotoneaster tenuipes Rehder & EH Wilson
- Felt loquat ( Cotoneaster tomentosus (Aiton) Lindl. ): It occurs in Central and Southern Europe and in the Near East.
- Cotoneaster transcaucasicus Pojark.
- Cotoneaster turbinatus Craib
- Cotoneaster uniflorus Bunge
- Cotoneaster verruculosus Diels
- Ward's cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster wardii W.W.Sm. )
- Zabel's cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster zabelii C.K. Schneid. )
Fire blight
As the pome fruit family (Pyrinae), cotonite species are endangered by fire blight and they are among the main host groups.
The import, production and placing on the market of dwarf medlars has been prohibited in Switzerland since May 1, 2002.
literature
- Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 9: Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-14-8 , pp. 85 (English). [1]
- Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Purpose, properties and use. With a winter key from Bernd Schulz. 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , pp. 226-238.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ D. Potter, T. Eriksson, RC Evans, S. Oh, JEE Smedmark, DR Morgan, M. Kerr, KR Robertson, M. Arsenault, TA Dickinson, CS Campbell: Phylogeny and classification of Rosaceae . Plant Systematics and Evolution, Volume 266, 2007, pp. 5-43. doi: 10.1007 / s00606-007-0539-9
- ↑ Zhi-Yun Zhang, Hongda Zhang, Peter K. Endress: Cotoneaster , in: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China . Volume 9: Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-14-8 , pp. 85 (English).
- ↑ Cotoneaster. In: The Plant List. Retrieved April 23, 2012 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u German names based on Roloff et al .: Flora der Gehölze , pp. 226–238.
- ↑ Entry at The Euro + Med PlantBase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity
- ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: Swiss import regulations
- ↑ Plant diseases - fire blight - home garden. ACW, archived from the original on April 13, 2009 ; Retrieved April 26, 2008 .