Bikini waxing: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
m →Caution and controversy: minor. ~~~~ |
Undid revision 1216288928 by Autisticeditor 20 (talk) reverted #diff-undo |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Removal of pubic hair using special wax}} |
|||
{{cleanup-rewrite}} |
|||
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2016}} |
|||
'''Bikini waxing''' refers to the removal of unwanted [[hair]] at the top of the [[leg]], below the [[navel]], and in the [[bikini]] area,<ref name=milady>Helen Bickmore; ''Milady's Hair Removal Techniques: A Comprehensive Manual''; page 139; Thomson Delmar Learning; 2003; ISBN 1401815553</ref> otherwise know as the ''bikini line'', a term generally understood to describe any pubic hair that is visible beyond the boundaries of a typical [[swimsuit]], sometimes including the [[forearms]].<ref name=Embod1>Heinz Tschachler, Maureen Devine, Michael Draxlbauer ; ''The EmBodyment of American Culture''; page 61; LIT Verlag Berlin-Hamburg-Münster; 2003; ISBN 3825867625</ref> |
|||
{{Use American English|date=May 2016}} |
|||
<!-- Do not remove these images, Wikipedia is not censored and the current consensus is for this article to have images --> |
|||
[[File:Pubic hair - Triangle style.jpg|thumb|A woman's pubic area after a partial bikini wax]] |
|||
'''Bikini waxing''' is the [[Waxing|removal]] of [[pubic hair]] using a special wax, which can be hot or cold, that adheres to hairs and pulls them out when the wax is removed quickly from the skin, usually with a cloth strip. While the practice is mainly associated with women, [[male waxing]] has become a more common practice to remove men's pubic hair.<ref>{{citation|last=Barker|first=Olivia|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/lifestyle/2005-08-23-waxing_x.htm|title=The male resistance to waxing is melting away|magazine=USA Today|date=August 23, 2005|access-date=August 26, 2016|archive-date=December 28, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228090532/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/lifestyle/2005-08-23-waxing_x.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> |
|||
A '''bikini line''' is the area of the upper leg and inner thigh in which pubic hair grows that is normally not covered by the bottom part of a swimsuit.<ref name="Embod1" /> In some cultures, visible pubic hair in this region is disliked and/or considered embarrassing and so it is sometimes removed.<ref name="Embod1">{{citation|first1=Heinz|last1=Tschachler|first2=Maureen|last2=Devine|first3=Michael|last3=Draxlbauer|title=The EmBodyment of American Culture|pages=61–62|publisher=LIT Verlag|location=Berlin-Hamburg-Münster|year=2003|isbn=978-3-8258-6762-1}}</ref> However, some people remove pubic hair that will not be exposed for aesthetics, personal grooming, hygiene, culture, religion, fashion and for sexual intercourse. |
|||
==History== |
|||
It is suggested that women started removing this hair when bathing suit styles became abbreviated enough to keep these areas uncovered, especially the term ''bikini line'' indicates a date later than the nuclear explosion at the [[Bikini Atoll|Bikini Islands]] in [[1946]] and the introduction of swimsuits that followed.<ref name=Embod1/> Changes in lingerie styles and their popularity have encouraged year round waxing of the bikini area.<ref name=milady/> |
|||
== |
== Technique == |
||
Pubic hair can be removed in a number of ways, such as [[waxing]], [[shaving]], [[Sugaring (epilation)|sugaring]], [[electrology|electrolysis]], [[laser hair removal]] or with [[chemical depilatory]] creams. Waxing involves applying melted, usually hot, wax to the pubic hair that an individual would like to remove. The wax, which adheres to the hair as it hardens, is then covered with small strips of cloth. When the wax hardens sufficiently, the cloth is pulled off quickly, removing the hair from its roots as the wax is pulled away. Waxing can be performed on oneself privately using a home kit or by a [[cosmetologist]] at a salon or spa.<ref name=Cosmo/> |
|||
Bikini waxing can be classified into three types:<ref name=milady/> |
|||
*'''American waxing:''' Removal of hair exposed at the top of the [[thigh]]s and just under the navel when wearing a regular bikini bottom. |
|||
*'''French waxing:''' Removal of everything including the hair of the [[anus]] and [[labia]], leaving only a strip of hair in the front. |
|||
*'''Brazilian waxing:''' Removal of everything, front to back. |
|||
<!-- Do not remove these images, Wikipedia is not censored and the current consensus is for this article to have images --> |
|||
===Brazilian waxing=== |
|||
[[File:Ceretta a calo inguinale.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Wax being applied to female pubic hair]] |
|||
'''Brazilian waxing''' is a type of [[waxing]] involving the [[bikini]] area.<ref name=Boston> |
|||
{{cite book |
|||
| author = Boston Women's Health Book Collective |
|||
| coauthors = |
|||
| year = 2005 |
|||
| title = Our Bodies Ourselves |
|||
| publisher = Touchstone/Simon & Schuster |
|||
| location = New York |
|||
| pages = 4 |
|||
| id = ISBN 0-7432-5611-5 |
|||
}}</ref><ref name=SalE> |
|||
{{cite book |
|||
| author = Salinger, Eve |
|||
| coauthors = |
|||
| year = 2005 |
|||
| title = The Complete Idiot's Guide to Pleasing Your Woman |
|||
| publisher = Alpha Books/Penguin Group |
|||
| location = New York |
|||
| pages = 196 |
|||
| id = ISBN 1-59257-464-5 |
|||
}}</ref> Waxes that completely remove the pubic hair are either termed "Hollywood"<ref name=SalE/><ref name=salon/><ref name=SymM> |
|||
{{cite book |
|||
| author = Symons, Mitchell |
|||
| coauthors = |
|||
| year = 2007 |
|||
| title = Where Do Nudists Keep Their Hankies |
|||
| publisher = HarperCollins Publishers |
|||
| location = New York |
|||
| pages = 74-75 |
|||
| id = ISBN 978-0-06-113407-4 |
|||
}}</ref> or "Sphynx" depending on the salon visited. While mainly associated with females, the practice is engaged in by males as well. It is named after [[Brazil]], the country with which it is most often associated and from which the modern practice originated.<ref> |
|||
{{cite book |
|||
| author = Blue, Violet |
|||
| coauthors = |
|||
| year = 2002 |
|||
| title = The Ultimate Guide to Cunnilingus |
|||
| publisher = Cleis Press |
|||
| location = San Francisco, California USA |
|||
| pages = 66 |
|||
| id = ISBN 1-57344-144-9 |
|||
}}</ref> In Brazil itself, it is not called Brazilian waxing, but simply ''depilar'' (to wax, to pluck hairs).<ref name=salon>{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://dir.salon.com/story/health/feature/1999/09/03/bikini/ |
|||
| title = Faster Pussycat, Wax! Wax!, Salon.com, September 3, 1999 |
|||
| author = Christina Valhouli |
|||
| publisher = Salon.com |
|||
| accessdate = 2007-05-10}}</ref> This procedure involves the complete removal of [[hair]] from the buttocks and adjacent to the [[anus]], [[perineum]] and [[vulva]] (labia majora and [[mons pubis]]). It can be thought of as a more extreme form of bikini waxing. The majority of types of Brazilian waxing leave a small line of [[pubic hair]] above the [[vulva]], commonly known as the "G-Wax."{{Fact|date=November 2007}} In Middle Eastern societies, removal of the body hair is considered a proper form of hygiene, necessitated by ancient local customs. Contemporary sources indicate that the French nobility also practiced waxing during the 17th century. |
|||
If a person has never been waxed before, or has not been waxed for a long time, it may be necessary to trim the pubic hair using scissors or an electric razor prior to waxing.<ref name="milady">Helen Bickmore; ''Milady's Hair Removal Techniques: A Comprehensive Manual''; Thomson Delmar Learning; 2003; {{ISBN|1-4018-1555-3}}</ref><ref name="Ovat">Lia Schorr, Shari Miller Sims & Shari Sims, ''SalonOvations' Advanced Skin Care Handbook'', pages 94–95, 117-118, Cengage Learning, 1994, {{ISBN|1-56253-045-3}}</ref> A patch test is recommended, usually on the upper thigh, to test for allergies or skin sensitivities to the ingredients in the wax. Sometimes a hair growth inhibitor is applied after waxing, which slows the regrowth of hair if applied daily for an extended period of time.<ref name=Cosmo>{{citation|title=Get a Perfect Bikini Line|author=Staff writers|magazine=Cosmopolitan|year=2005|volume=238|issue=5|pages=248–251, published online March 10, 2009|url=http://www.cosmopolitan.com/style-beauty/beauty/advice/a2857/bikini-line-hair-removal/|access-date=August 26, 2016|archive-date=March 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319185741/https://www.cosmopolitan.com/style-beauty/beauty/advice/a2857/bikini-line-hair-removal/|url-status=live}}</ref> |
|||
===Process=== |
|||
{{Advert|date=December 2007}} |
|||
The procedure starts with baby or talcum powder being spread liberally over the area to be waxed. This prevents the hot wax from sticking to the sensitive skin. Then, as in other forms of waxing, hot wax is spread over the area from which hair is to be removed. The wax is allowed to harden briefly, then one edge of the wax strip is pulled up and used as a 'tab' to quickly pull off or "zip" the rest of the wax, usually in the direction opposite of hair growth. Then the procedure progresses to systematically removing the hair from the genital area, buttocks, and anus. This procedure removes the wax, hair, and any dead [[skin]] [[cell (biology)|cells]] lying on the skin surface. The person performing the wax will then finish with [[tweezers]] to remove any stray hairs that the waxing missed. Finally, the remaining pubic hair (the so-called "landing strip") is either trimmed with scissors, or waxed off. The remaining hair may even be in a particular pattern (hearts are a popular option), or dyed. |
|||
It is common to apply an antiseptic cleaner and powder to the area prior to waxing. Wax is applied with a spatula in the direction of hair growth the size of a strip about {{convert|2|in|cm}} wide and {{convert|4|in|cm}} long. When the wax is set but still pliable, the wax strips are pulled away against the direction of hair growth while keeping the skin taut. The strip is ideally pulled off as swiftly as possible.<ref name=milady /> |
|||
The wax used is often a mixture of natural [[beeswax]] and [[tall oil]] rather than the more common synthetic 'waxes' used for regular leg waxing. It is felt that beeswax is stronger, and more effective at removing the thicker, coarser pubic hairs. |
|||
The pubic area is one of the most sensitive areas in the body and during the procedure special attention must be paid to avoid irritation.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}} Pain directly resulting from the procedure can be slight or severe and can continue from several seconds to several minutes. Some people experience less pain during subsequent treatments. It can be helpful to take a mild anti-inflammatory medication (such as [[ibuprofen]]) an hour or so before waxing to reduce potential pain from the waxing.<ref>Michael J. Klag, ''Johns Hopkins Family Health Book'', page 769, HarperCollins, 1999, {{ISBN|0-06-270149-5}}</ref> Products such as topical anesthetics are available to lessen the pain involved.<ref name=Cosmo/> A bikini wax during pregnancy is generally more painful, due to increased sensitivity.<ref>Linda Murray, Leah Hennen & Jim Scott, ''The Babycenter Essential Guide to Pregnancy and Birth'', page 576, Rodale, 2005, {{ISBN|1-59486-211-7}}</ref> The type of wax used for bikini lines is often made from a mixture of [[beeswax]] and [[tall oil]] rather than the more common synthetic [[wax]]es used for waxing regular leg hair. Beeswax is considered stronger and more effective at removing the thicker and coarser pubic hair.<ref>Susan Cressy & Margaret Rennie, ''Beauty Therapy Fact File'', page 293, Heinemann, 2004, {{ISBN|0-435-45142-1}}</ref> |
|||
The pain involved with this procedure can be slight or severe and can continue for quite some time (from several seconds to minutes). Some claim to perceive less pain during subsequent treatments. Many products are available to lessen the pain, such as topical anesthetics. Pain is greatest immediately before and during menstruation, when the area is most sensitive. The area is least sensitive about a week after menstruation; this is the ideal time for waxing.{{Fact|date=June 2007}} Many women report heightened sensation after having a wax, as removing the hair in erogenous zones improves sense of feeling, allowing for a more intense or pleasurable sensation during sexual activities. Some women also report preferring the "clean" feeling they have when waxed as a reason why they choose to remove their pubic hair.{{Fact|date=December 2007}} |
|||
Sometimes bumps or in-grown hair can result from waxing. Isolated hairs can be removed with tweezers or electrolysis.<ref name="Ovat" /> Discomfort following the procedure generally lasts two to five days or less.<ref>Hilda Hutcherson, ''Pleasure'', page 190, Perigee, 2006, {{ISBN|0-399-53286-2}}</ref> Application of [[egg oil]] for a few days post-waxing can help moisturize the skin and reduce inflammation, pain or growth of bacteria.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of egg yolk: a comparison between organic and machine made|pmid=23467945|author1=Mahmoudi M|author2=Others|journal= European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences|volume=17|issue=4|year=2013|pages=472–6}}</ref> With repeated removal over time, pubic hair becomes weaker and grows more slowly, leading to easier removal with less pain and less frequent waxing.<ref name=WomansDay>{{cite web|url=http://www.womansday.com/style/beauty/tips/a4944/waxing-101-tips-tricks-for-beginners-108331/|title=Waxing 101: Tips and Tricks for Beginners|first=Alexandra|last=Gekas|date=October 18, 2013|magazine=Woman's Day|access-date=August 27, 2016|archive-date=August 20, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820091343/http://www.womansday.com/style/beauty/tips/a4944/waxing-101-tips-tricks-for-beginners-108331/|url-status=live}}</ref> |
|||
Some advise following the procedure with an application of a hair inhibitor, which will slow the regrowth of hair and may halt regrowth completely. The results can last up to two months. It is recommended that one get a licensed [[cosmetologist]] or [[esthetician]] to perform this procedure, but with care it can safely be done on oneself with a home kit. Other methods of hair removal, such as [[shaving]], [[sugaring]] or using [[chemical depilatory|chemical depilatories]] creams are often used in place of waxing, but these methods have drawbacks. |
|||
== Styles == |
|||
==Caution and controversy== |
|||
<!-- Do not remove these images, Wikipedia is not censored and the current consensus is for this article to have images --> |
|||
A bikini wax involves the removal of [[pubic hair]] adjacent to the pantyline (or "[[bikini]]") area. This is a fairly common procedure in the [[United States]]. Because it can be painful, some estheticians suggest taking [[ibuprofen]] one hour before the wax. The procedure is similar to that for the more extreme [[Brazilian waxing|Brazilian wax]]. Unlike the Brazilian wax, a bikini wax can be performed privately in the home, but it is generally more convenient to have a licensed [[cosmetologist]] or [[esthetician]] perform the procedure. |
|||
{{multiple image |
|||
| align = right |
|||
| direction = vertical |
|||
| image1 = Female pubis with hair.jpg |
|||
| width1 = 170 |
|||
| caption1 = ''American waxing'': Hair is limited to the bikini area and, here, trimmed shorter. |
|||
| image2 = Landing strip pubic hair pattern LQ.jpg |
|||
| width2 = 170 |
|||
| caption2 = ''French waxing'': Hair is removed entirely except a rectangular "landing strip". |
|||
| image3 = Waxing.jpg |
|||
| width3 = 170 |
|||
| caption3 = ''Brazilian waxing'': All hair is removed. |
|||
}} |
|||
<!-- Do not remove these images, Wikipedia is not censored and the current consensus is for this article to have images --> |
|||
Some people modify their pubic hair either to fit in with societal trends or simply as an expression of their own style or lifestyle, while others object to any styling or do not practice it because of cost considerations.<ref name=telegraph>{{cite news|title=Pubic hair is back|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-life/10452327/Pubic-hair-is-back-ladies.-The-men-dont-care-and-the-women-cant-be-bothered.html|website=Telegraph.co.uk|publisher=The Daily Telegraph|date=2013-11-15|last1=Turner|first1=Beverley|access-date=April 5, 2018|archive-date=January 11, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-life/10452327/Pubic-hair-is-back-ladies.-The-men-dont-care-and-the-women-cant-be-bothered.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=thedailybeast>{{cite news|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/04/10/waxing-damned-if-you-do-and-damned-if-you-don-t-how-pubic-hair-became-political.html|title=Waxing: Damned if You Do and Damned if You Don't: How Pubic Hair Became Political|publisher=[[The Daily Beast]]|first=Emily|last=Shire|date=October 4, 2014|access-date=March 14, 2016|archive-date=May 20, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520162625/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/04/10/waxing-damned-if-you-do-and-damned-if-you-don-t-how-pubic-hair-became-political.html|url-status=live}}</ref> |
|||
Some women suffer from [[pimple]]s or "[[Pseudofolliculitis barbae|razor bumps]]" after shaving this area. This commonly results from shaving in the wrong direction, so that the end of the hair becomes ingrown. Suggested (after the fact) solutions include lightly dusting with [[baby powder]] or the use of an acne cream, which thins the outer layer of skin ([[stratum corneum]]).<ref>[http://www.hairchick.com/pubic-hair-removal.php Bikini line bumps]</ref> A preventive alternative, long familiar to [[barber]]s, is to only shave "with the grain": on the legs, this means shaving toward the feet. Many television ads show women shaving "against the grain." |
|||
"Natural" (also known as "au natural" or "bush") refers to pubic hair that has not been removed, trimmed or styled at all.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.salon.com/mwt/feature/2008/12/11/bush_back/ |title=Bush is back |last1=Germinsky |first1=Lisa |date=December 11, 2008 |work=[[Salon.com]] |access-date=May 9, 2013 |archive-date=May 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090501044811/http://www.salon.com/mwt/feature/2008/12/11/bush_back/ |url-status=live }}</ref> "Trimmed" or "cut" refers to pubic hair that has been shortened, but not completely removed other than shaving the inner thighs. Some women trim, but keep hair on their labia, while removing the pubic hair on the [[mons pubis]]. Pubic hair may be styled into several basic styles<ref name=milady />{{Rp|page=139}}<ref name=essort>{{cite web |url=http://www.essortment.com/different-types-bikini-wax-application-techniques-59434.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110218071038/http://www.essortment.com/different-types-bikini-wax-application-techniques-59434.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 18, 2011 |title=Different Types of Bikini Wax and Application Techniques |publisher=Essortment |access-date=May 9, 2013 }}</ref><ref name=BrBi>{{cite web |url=http://www.brazilian-bikinis.org/brazilianbikiniwax.html |title=Brazilian bikini wax |publisher=Brazilian Bikinis |access-date=May 9, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121117052055/http://www.brazilian-bikinis.org/brazilianbikiniwax.html |archive-date=November 17, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> which are often referred to by different names.<ref name=SalE>{{cite book | author = Salinger, Eve | year = 2005 | title = The Complete Idiot's Guide to Pleasing Your Woman | publisher = Alpha Books/Penguin Group | location = New York | page = [https://archive.org/details/completeidiotsgu00sali/page/196 196] | isbn = 978-1-59257-464-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/completeidiotsgu00sali| url-access = registration }}</ref> Salons often use their own unique names for common types of waxing, for example referring to a Brazilian with a "landing strip" as a "Mohican" or a "Hollywood" as "Full Monty".<ref>{{cite book |last=Hiscock |first=Jane |author2=Frances Lovett |title=Beauty Therapy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CLHeHGFlQiYC&pg=PA325 |access-date=May 9, 2013 |year=2004 |edition=2nd |publisher=Heinemann Educational Publishers |location=Oxford, UK |isbn=978-0-435-45102-8 |page=325}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Latour|first=Stephanie |title=Erotic Review's Bedside Companion: An ABC of Delightful Depravity |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CLHeHGFlQiYC&pg=PA325 |access-date=May 9, 2013 |year=2002 |publisher=Anova Books|isbn=978-1-84411-002-5|page=25|quote=Salons offer a choice of waxing styles for women, including the widely renowned Brazilian or Mohican for those concerned not to reveal a single stray pube in the inciest, winciest beachwear, while The Hollywood denotes the full monty.}}</ref> |
|||
Brazilian waxing faces more controversy than other types of waxing.<ref name=KirM> |
|||
{{cite book| author = Kirsch, Melissa| coauthors = | year = 2006| title = The Girl's Guide to Absolutely Everything| publisher = Workman Publishing| location = New York| pages = 424| id = ISBN 0-7611-3579-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author = Joannides, Paul| coauthors = | year = 2006| title = Guide to Getting It On| publisher = Goofy Foot Press| location = Waldport, Oregon, USA| pages = 528| id = ISBN 1-885535-69-4}}</ref> It is a physically painful experience during and after waxing,<ref>{{cite book| author = Blue, Violet| coauthors = | year = 2002| title = The Ultimate Guide to Cunnilingus| publisher = Cleis Press | location = San Francisco, California USA | pages = 67| id = ISBN 1-57344-144-9}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author = Joannides, Paul| coauthors = | year = 2006| title = Guide to Getting It On| publisher = Goofy Foot Press| location = Waldport, Oregon, USA| pages = 531| id = ISBN 1-885535-69-4}}</ref><ref name=GodS>{{cite book| author = Godson, Suzi| coauthors = | year = 2005| title = Sexploration: An Edgy Encyclopedia of Everything Sexual| publisher = Amorata Press| location = Berkeley, California USA| pages = 161| id = ISBN 1-56975-505-1}}</ref><ref name=salon/> which can become even more unpleasant if receiving [[cunnilingus]] from a bearded partner.<ref>{{cite book| author = Joannides, Paul| coauthors = | year = 2006| title = Guide to Getting It On| publisher = Goofy Foot Press| location = Waldport, Oregon, USA| pages = 233| id = ISBN 1-885535-69-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author = Godson, Suzi| coauthors = | year = 2005| title = Sexploration: An Edgy Encyclopedia of Everything Sexual| publisher = Amorata Press| location = Berkeley, California USA| pages = 89| id = ISBN 1-56975-505-1}}</ref> The fact that Brazilian waxing make an adult women look underaged is used by the [[pornography|pornographic industry]].<ref name=Boston/><ref name=salon/><ref name=GodS/><ref name=salon/><ref name=KirM/> The look has also been called perverted<ref name=SymM/> and unnatural.<ref>{{cite book| author = Joannides, Paul| coauthors = | year = 2006| title = Guide to Getting It On| publisher = Goofy Foot Press| location = Waldport, Oregon, USA| pages = 246| id = ISBN 1-885535-69-4}}</ref><ref name=Boston/><ref name=salon/><ref>{{cite book| author = Feldman, David| coauthors = | year = 1987| title = Why Do Clocks Run Clockwise?| publisher = HarperCollins| location = New York| pages = 146| id = ISBN 0-06-074092-2}}</ref> There is also a health risk involved if it is not done properly, as well as a risk of infection if done on a person with a weakened immune system.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,288860,00.html |
|||
| title = Woman Almost Dies After Bikini Wax| author = Tweed, Katherine| accessdate = 2007-07-31}}</ref> |
|||
The three major types are described below: |
|||
==See also== |
|||
<div style="clear:both;width:85%" class="NavFrame"> |
|||
<div class="NavHead">Waxing images</div> |
|||
<div class="NavContent" style="background-color:#fff; padding:5px; text-align:justify;"> |
|||
<gallery> |
|||
Image:Brazilian Waxing.jpg|Brazilian waxing result: Front |
|||
Image:Brazilian waxing 02.jpg|Brazilian waxing result: Back |
|||
Image:Shaved male genitalia.JPG|Brazilian waxed male genitalia |
|||
</gallery> |
|||
</div> |
|||
<div class="NavEnd"> </div> |
|||
</div> |
|||
* [[Glabrousness]], a complete lack of hair on genitals and most other parts of the body. |
|||
* [[Acomoclitism]] |
|||
* [[Panty line]] |
|||
=== American waxing === |
|||
==References== |
|||
''American waxing'' is the removal of only the pubic hair that would not be covered by a swimsuit. For a bikini, it would be hair at the top of the thighs and under the navel. It is also known as a "basic bikini wax",<ref name=milady /><ref name=essort /><ref name=BrBi /> "triangle", or "bikini line", as it involves waxing hair from the sides to form a triangle so that pubic hair cannot be seen while wearing a swimsuit.<ref name=landingstrip>{{cite web|last1=Grey|first1=Maggie|title=Basic Pubic Hairstyles|url=http://www.landingstrip.org/basic-pubic-hairstyles/|website=The Landing Strip|access-date=June 13, 2014|date=2012-06-30|archive-date=October 17, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017122125/http://www.landingstrip.org/basic-pubic-hairstyles/|url-status=live}}</ref> Bikini bottoms or underwear are usually worn while getting an American wax. A normal American waxing job takes about 20 to 30 minutes to complete.<ref name=milady /> |
|||
{{Reflist|2}} |
|||
=== {{anchor|The Landing Strip}} French waxing === |
|||
==External links== |
|||
''French waxing'' (sometimes called a ''landing strip'' or a ''partial Brazilian wax'') leaves a vertical strip of pubic hair about {{convert|1.5|in|cm}} wide and {{convert|3|in|cm}} long just above the [[vulva]].<ref name=milady /><ref name=essort /><ref name=SalE /> Hair around the anus area and [[labia (genitalia)|labia]] may be removed. The landing strip wax has become popular with models wearing garments that are very narrow in the crotch region.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}} To create the "landing strip" (a line of hair) practitioners and clients prefer either lying face up or lying face down. Sometimes hard wax is used, though strip wax works as effectively.<ref name=milady /> |
|||
{{commons|Panty line|Panty line}} |
|||
* [http://brazilianrush.com/ brazilianrush.com] - complete guide to the brazilian wax |
|||
* [http://www.theage.com.au/news/Fashion/How-it-feels-to-give-a-Brazilian-wax/2005/01/03/1104601282766.html How it feels to give a Brazilian wax]- ''Interview with a depilidora, specialized in Brazilian Waxing'', January 4, 2005. |
|||
* [http://malebrazilianwax.charlia.com The Male Brazilian Wax] - Brazilian wax information site for men |
|||
* [http://www.hairchick.com/wx/brazilian-wax.php Brazilian wax] articles and many more hair removal topics. |
|||
=== Brazilian waxing === |
|||
''Brazilian waxing'' (or the ''sphinx wax''<ref name="weigle">Weigle, Elizabeth Anne. The American trend of female pubic hair removal. Diss. uga, 2009.</ref>) is the removal of all pubic hair from the pelvic region, [[labia]], [[perineum]],<ref name=salon>{{cite web | url = http://www.salon.com/1999/09/03/bikini/singleton/ | title = Faster Pussycat, Wax! Wax! | date = September 3, 1999 | author = Valhouli, Christina | work = [[Salon.com]] | access-date = 30 December 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120312041844/http://www.salon.com/1999/09/03/bikini/singleton/ | archive-date = March 12, 2012 | url-status = dead | df = mdy-all }}</ref><ref name=BVio>{{cite book | last = Blue | first = Violet | year = 2002 | title = The Ultimate Guide to Cunnilingus | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=mpLGAgAAQBAJ | publisher = Cleis Press | location = San Francisco | pages = 66–67 | isbn = 978-1-57344-144-5}}</ref> and [[Human anus|anus]], while sometimes leaving a thin strip of hair on the [[mons pubis]].<ref name=milady /><ref name=essort /><ref name=BrBi /><ref name=SalE /><ref name=Boston>{{cite book | author = Boston Women's Health Book Collective, The | year = 2005 | title = Our Bodies, Ourselves: A New Edition for a New Era | publisher = Touchstone/Simon & Schuster | location = New York | page = [https://archive.org/details/ourbodiesoursel00bost/page/4 4] | isbn = 978-0-7432-5611-7 |edition=35th anniversary| title-link = Our Bodies, Ourselves }}</ref> It can be used by those who wear thong bikinis.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jeffries |first1=Fran |url=http://blogs.ajc.com/better-health/2009/03/19/a-ban-on-brazilian-bikini-waxing/ |title=A ban on 'Brazilian' bikini waxing? |publisher=Better Health (blog) |work=[[The Atlanta Journal-Constitution]] |date=March 19, 2009 |access-date=May 9, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023074402/http://blogs.ajc.com/better-health/2009/03/19/a-ban-on-brazilian-bikini-waxing/ |archive-date=October 23, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Brazilian waxing is also known as a ''full Brazilian wax'', ''full bikini wax'', or the ''Hollywood wax''.<ref name=milady /><ref name=BrBi /><ref name=SalE /> This style was first called the Brazilian wax by the J. Sisters salon in [[Manhattan]], founded in 1987 by seven sisters named Padilha from [[Brazil]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2011/12/the-new-full-frontal-has-pubic-hair-in-america-gone-extinct/249798/|title=The New Full-Frontal: Has Pubic Hair in America Gone Extinct?|author=Ashley Fetters|date=December 13, 2011|access-date=December 15, 2011|archive-date=December 15, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111215185606/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2011/12/the-new-full-frontal-has-pubic-hair-in-america-gone-extinct/249798/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Venema|first1=Vibeke|title=The women who invented the Brazilian wax|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-37896963|access-date=31 December 2016|work=BBC News|date=31 December 2016|archive-date=January 5, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105154727/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-37896963|url-status=live}}</ref> |
|||
Brazilian waxing is more controversial than other types of waxing.<ref name=KirM>{{cite book| author = Kirsch, Melissa| year = 2006| title = The Girl's Guide to Absolutely Everything| url = https://archive.org/details/girlsguidetoabso00meli| url-access = registration| publisher = Workman Publishing| location = New York| page = [https://archive.org/details/girlsguidetoabso00meli/page/424 424]| isbn = 978-0-7611-3579-1}}</ref><ref name="Joannides (2006)">{{cite book| author = Joannides, Paul| year = 2006| title = Guide to Getting It On| publisher = Goofy Foot Press| location = Waldport, Oregon, US| isbn = 978-1-885535-69-6|pages=233–246, 528–531}}</ref> Like all waxing, it can be a physically painful experience during and after waxing.<ref name=salon /><ref name="Joannides (2006)" /><ref name=BVio/><ref name=GodS>{{cite book| author = Godson, Suzi| year = 2005| title = Sexploration: An Edgy Encyclopedia of Everything Sexual| publisher = Amorata Press| location = Berkeley, California US| isbn = 978-1-56975-505-1|pages=89, 161}}</ref> Some believe it is more unpleasant to receive [[cunnilingus]] from a bearded partner after getting a Brazilian wax.<ref name="Joannides (2006)" /><ref name=GodS /> Some critics of the procedure believe that Brazilian waxing can contribute to making an adult woman look underage, claiming that this may be one reason for its popularity in the [[sex industry]].<ref name=Boston /><ref name=KirM /><ref name=GodS /> There is also a health risk involved if it is not done properly, as well as a risk of infection if done on a person with a weakened immune system.<ref name=Tweed>{{cite news |
|||
[[Category:Clothing controversies]] |
|||
|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,288860,00.html |
|||
[[Category:Depilation]] |
|||
|title=Woman Almost Dies After Bikini Wax |
|||
|author=Tweed, Katherine |
|||
|access-date=July 31, 2007 |
|||
|work=Fox News |
|||
|date=July 11, 2007 |
|||
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713175134/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0%2C2933%2C288860%2C00.html |
|||
|archive-date=July 13, 2007 |
|||
|url-status=dead |
|||
}}</ref> |
|||
== Health == |
|||
[[als:Bikinizone]] |
|||
In 2016, [[JAMA|the Journal of the American Medical Association]] published a study in which it was found that out of 3,316 American women surveyed, 84% reported a history of lifetime pubic hair grooming, with 59% reporting that the primary motivations for grooming were for hygienic purposes.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Rowen TS|last2=Gaither TW|last3=Awad MA|last4=Osterberg E|last5=Shindel AW|last6=Breyer BN|date=October 2016|title=Pubic Hair Grooming Prevalence and Motivation Among Women in the United States|journal=JAMA Dermatology|volume=152|issue=10|pages=1106–1113|doi=10.1001/jamadermatol.2016.2154|issn=2168-6068|url=https://escholarship.org/content/qt3km422pc/qt3km422pc.pdf?t=obzy7r|pmid=27367465|doi-access=free|access-date=August 30, 2019|archive-date=March 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314065231/https://escholarship.org/content/qt3km422pc/qt3km422pc.pdf?t=obzy7r|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2016/06/29/most-women-prefer-to-go-bare-citing-hygiene-and-baffling-doctors/|title=Most Women Prefer to Go Bare, Citing Hygiene (and Baffling Doctors)|last=Hoffman|first=Jan|work=New York Times|access-date=2016-06-30|date=2016-06-29|archive-date=June 29, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160629203735/http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2016/06/29/most-women-prefer-to-go-bare-citing-hygiene-and-baffling-doctors/|url-status=live}}</ref> |
|||
[[de:Schamhaarentfernung#Bikinizone]] |
|||
[[lt:Skutimas bikiniui]] |
|||
Bikini waxing has been credited with a significant global reduction in cases of [[Pediculosis pubis|pubic lice]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-01-13/brazilian-bikini-waxes-make-crab-lice-endangered-species-health.html|title=Brazilian Bikini Waxes Make Crab Lice Endangered Species|date=January 13, 2013|work=Bloomberg|access-date=October 26, 2013|author=Jason Gale|author2=Shannon Pettypiece}}</ref> However, the medical community has also seen a recent increase in [[folliculitis]], or infection around the hair follicle, in women who wax or shave their bikini areas.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Barbara|last1=Hackley|first2=Jan M.|last2=Kriebs|first3=Mary Ellen|last3=Rousseau|title=Primary Care of Women: A Guide for Midwives and Women's Health Providers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RFEk3HShnRUC|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers|year=2008|isbn=9781449666156|page=833}}</ref> |
|||
[[nl:Bikinilijn]] |
|||
== Social attitudes == |
|||
In [[Islam]], the removal of unwanted body hair is known as an act of ''[[fitra]]''.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Skin care: Historical and contemporary views|journal=Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal|date=July 2014|volume=22|issue=3|pages=171–178|doi=10.1016/j.jsps.2013.02.005|first1=Khalid M.|last1=AlGhamdi|first2=Fahad A.|last2=AlHomoudi|first3=Huma|last3=Khurramb|pmid=25061400 |pmc=4099567 |quote=Abu Huraira narrated that the Prophet (pbuh) said, 'Five are the acts akin to Fitra (i.e., customs of sound nature): circumcision, shaving the pubic hair, cutting the nails, plucking the hair under the armpits and clipping the moustache'.}}</ref> In [[India]], ethnologist F. Fawcett writing in 1901, had observed the removal of body hair, including pubic hair about the [[vulva]], as a custom of women from the [[Hindu]] caste group known as [[Nair]].<ref>{{cite book|author=F. Fawcett|title=Nâyars of Malabar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eF-pMrcqw5UC&pg=PA195|access-date=June 23, 2011|year=2004|orig-year=1901|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=978-81-206-0171-0|page=195}}</ref> In [[Western world|Western]] societies, removal of female body hair (except for head hair, eyelashes and eyebrows) has traditionally been considered appropriate when it was visible.<ref name=Embod1 /> |
|||
The styling of pubic hair has become more fashionable as the coverage of swimwear has decreased, following innovations such as the introduction of the [[bikini]] in 1946 and the removal of skirts from swimsuits.<ref name=Embod1 /> The popularity of even briefer swimwear, such as the [[thong]] which exposes the [[buttocks]], has led to the removal of more pubic hair. |
|||
Changes in [[lingerie]] styles also encouraged the removal of pubic hair,<ref name=milady />{{Rp|page=139}} and the nude crotch{{nsmdns}}i.e., the total removal of pubic hair, such as in a full Brazilian or the Sphinx style{{nsmdns}}became considered by many to be [[erotic]] and [[Glamour (presentation)|glamorous]]. A nude crotch is considered by some to be more youthful looking.<ref name=Embod1 />{{Rp|59}} According to Tschachler, Devine and Draxlbauer, removal of all visible body hair has come to be seen as an important aspect of femininity.<ref name=Embod1 />{{Rp|60}} |
|||
== See also == |
|||
{{Portal|Fashion|Medicine}} |
|||
* [[Anal bleaching]] |
|||
* [[Genital piercing]] |
|||
* [[Hair removal]] |
|||
* [[Merkin]] |
|||
* [[Vajazzle]] |
|||
== References == |
|||
{{Reflist|30em}} |
|||
{{Human hair|state=collapsed}} |
|||
{{Authority control}} |
|||
[[Category:Bikinis]] |
|||
[[Category:Clothing controversies]] |
|||
[[Category:Hair removal]] |
|||
Latest revision as of 17:50, 1 April 2024
Bikini waxing is the removal of pubic hair using a special wax, which can be hot or cold, that adheres to hairs and pulls them out when the wax is removed quickly from the skin, usually with a cloth strip. While the practice is mainly associated with women, male waxing has become a more common practice to remove men's pubic hair.[1]
A bikini line is the area of the upper leg and inner thigh in which pubic hair grows that is normally not covered by the bottom part of a swimsuit.[2] In some cultures, visible pubic hair in this region is disliked and/or considered embarrassing and so it is sometimes removed.[2] However, some people remove pubic hair that will not be exposed for aesthetics, personal grooming, hygiene, culture, religion, fashion and for sexual intercourse.
Technique[edit]
Pubic hair can be removed in a number of ways, such as waxing, shaving, sugaring, electrolysis, laser hair removal or with chemical depilatory creams. Waxing involves applying melted, usually hot, wax to the pubic hair that an individual would like to remove. The wax, which adheres to the hair as it hardens, is then covered with small strips of cloth. When the wax hardens sufficiently, the cloth is pulled off quickly, removing the hair from its roots as the wax is pulled away. Waxing can be performed on oneself privately using a home kit or by a cosmetologist at a salon or spa.[3]
If a person has never been waxed before, or has not been waxed for a long time, it may be necessary to trim the pubic hair using scissors or an electric razor prior to waxing.[4][5] A patch test is recommended, usually on the upper thigh, to test for allergies or skin sensitivities to the ingredients in the wax. Sometimes a hair growth inhibitor is applied after waxing, which slows the regrowth of hair if applied daily for an extended period of time.[3]
It is common to apply an antiseptic cleaner and powder to the area prior to waxing. Wax is applied with a spatula in the direction of hair growth the size of a strip about 2 inches (5.1 cm) wide and 4 inches (10 cm) long. When the wax is set but still pliable, the wax strips are pulled away against the direction of hair growth while keeping the skin taut. The strip is ideally pulled off as swiftly as possible.[4]
The pubic area is one of the most sensitive areas in the body and during the procedure special attention must be paid to avoid irritation.[citation needed] Pain directly resulting from the procedure can be slight or severe and can continue from several seconds to several minutes. Some people experience less pain during subsequent treatments. It can be helpful to take a mild anti-inflammatory medication (such as ibuprofen) an hour or so before waxing to reduce potential pain from the waxing.[6] Products such as topical anesthetics are available to lessen the pain involved.[3] A bikini wax during pregnancy is generally more painful, due to increased sensitivity.[7] The type of wax used for bikini lines is often made from a mixture of beeswax and tall oil rather than the more common synthetic waxes used for waxing regular leg hair. Beeswax is considered stronger and more effective at removing the thicker and coarser pubic hair.[8]
Sometimes bumps or in-grown hair can result from waxing. Isolated hairs can be removed with tweezers or electrolysis.[5] Discomfort following the procedure generally lasts two to five days or less.[9] Application of egg oil for a few days post-waxing can help moisturize the skin and reduce inflammation, pain or growth of bacteria.[10] With repeated removal over time, pubic hair becomes weaker and grows more slowly, leading to easier removal with less pain and less frequent waxing.[11]
Styles[edit]
American waxing: Hair is limited to the bikini area and, here, trimmed shorter.
French waxing: Hair is removed entirely except a rectangular "landing strip".
Brazilian waxing: All hair is removed.
Some people modify their pubic hair either to fit in with societal trends or simply as an expression of their own style or lifestyle, while others object to any styling or do not practice it because of cost considerations.[12][13]
"Natural" (also known as "au natural" or "bush") refers to pubic hair that has not been removed, trimmed or styled at all.[14] "Trimmed" or "cut" refers to pubic hair that has been shortened, but not completely removed other than shaving the inner thighs. Some women trim, but keep hair on their labia, while removing the pubic hair on the mons pubis. Pubic hair may be styled into several basic styles[4]: 139 [15][16] which are often referred to by different names.[17] Salons often use their own unique names for common types of waxing, for example referring to a Brazilian with a "landing strip" as a "Mohican" or a "Hollywood" as "Full Monty".[18][19]
The three major types are described below:
American waxing[edit]
American waxing is the removal of only the pubic hair that would not be covered by a swimsuit. For a bikini, it would be hair at the top of the thighs and under the navel. It is also known as a "basic bikini wax",[4][15][16] "triangle", or "bikini line", as it involves waxing hair from the sides to form a triangle so that pubic hair cannot be seen while wearing a swimsuit.[20] Bikini bottoms or underwear are usually worn while getting an American wax. A normal American waxing job takes about 20 to 30 minutes to complete.[4]
French waxing[edit]
French waxing (sometimes called a landing strip or a partial Brazilian wax) leaves a vertical strip of pubic hair about 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) wide and 3 inches (7.6 cm) long just above the vulva.[4][15][17] Hair around the anus area and labia may be removed. The landing strip wax has become popular with models wearing garments that are very narrow in the crotch region.[citation needed] To create the "landing strip" (a line of hair) practitioners and clients prefer either lying face up or lying face down. Sometimes hard wax is used, though strip wax works as effectively.[4]
Brazilian waxing[edit]
Brazilian waxing (or the sphinx wax[21]) is the removal of all pubic hair from the pelvic region, labia, perineum,[22][23] and anus, while sometimes leaving a thin strip of hair on the mons pubis.[4][15][16][17][24] It can be used by those who wear thong bikinis.[25] Brazilian waxing is also known as a full Brazilian wax, full bikini wax, or the Hollywood wax.[4][16][17] This style was first called the Brazilian wax by the J. Sisters salon in Manhattan, founded in 1987 by seven sisters named Padilha from Brazil.[26][27]
Brazilian waxing is more controversial than other types of waxing.[28][29] Like all waxing, it can be a physically painful experience during and after waxing.[22][29][23][30] Some believe it is more unpleasant to receive cunnilingus from a bearded partner after getting a Brazilian wax.[29][30] Some critics of the procedure believe that Brazilian waxing can contribute to making an adult woman look underage, claiming that this may be one reason for its popularity in the sex industry.[24][28][30] There is also a health risk involved if it is not done properly, as well as a risk of infection if done on a person with a weakened immune system.[31]
Health[edit]
In 2016, the Journal of the American Medical Association published a study in which it was found that out of 3,316 American women surveyed, 84% reported a history of lifetime pubic hair grooming, with 59% reporting that the primary motivations for grooming were for hygienic purposes.[32][33]
Bikini waxing has been credited with a significant global reduction in cases of pubic lice.[34] However, the medical community has also seen a recent increase in folliculitis, or infection around the hair follicle, in women who wax or shave their bikini areas.[35]
Social attitudes[edit]
In Islam, the removal of unwanted body hair is known as an act of fitra.[36] In India, ethnologist F. Fawcett writing in 1901, had observed the removal of body hair, including pubic hair about the vulva, as a custom of women from the Hindu caste group known as Nair.[37] In Western societies, removal of female body hair (except for head hair, eyelashes and eyebrows) has traditionally been considered appropriate when it was visible.[2]
The styling of pubic hair has become more fashionable as the coverage of swimwear has decreased, following innovations such as the introduction of the bikini in 1946 and the removal of skirts from swimsuits.[2] The popularity of even briefer swimwear, such as the thong which exposes the buttocks, has led to the removal of more pubic hair.
Changes in lingerie styles also encouraged the removal of pubic hair,[4]: 139 and the nude crotch—i.e., the total removal of pubic hair, such as in a full Brazilian or the Sphinx style—became considered by many to be erotic and glamorous. A nude crotch is considered by some to be more youthful looking.[2]: 59 According to Tschachler, Devine and Draxlbauer, removal of all visible body hair has come to be seen as an important aspect of femininity.[2]: 60
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Barker, Olivia (August 23, 2005), "The male resistance to waxing is melting away", USA Today, archived from the original on December 28, 2016, retrieved August 26, 2016
- ^ a b c d e f Tschachler, Heinz; Devine, Maureen; Draxlbauer, Michael (2003), The EmBodyment of American Culture, Berlin-Hamburg-Münster: LIT Verlag, pp. 61–62, ISBN 978-3-8258-6762-1
- ^ a b c Staff writers (2005), "Get a Perfect Bikini Line", Cosmopolitan, vol. 238, no. 5, pp. 248–251, published online March 10, 2009, archived from the original on March 19, 2021, retrieved August 26, 2016
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Helen Bickmore; Milady's Hair Removal Techniques: A Comprehensive Manual; Thomson Delmar Learning; 2003; ISBN 1-4018-1555-3
- ^ a b Lia Schorr, Shari Miller Sims & Shari Sims, SalonOvations' Advanced Skin Care Handbook, pages 94–95, 117-118, Cengage Learning, 1994, ISBN 1-56253-045-3
- ^ Michael J. Klag, Johns Hopkins Family Health Book, page 769, HarperCollins, 1999, ISBN 0-06-270149-5
- ^ Linda Murray, Leah Hennen & Jim Scott, The Babycenter Essential Guide to Pregnancy and Birth, page 576, Rodale, 2005, ISBN 1-59486-211-7
- ^ Susan Cressy & Margaret Rennie, Beauty Therapy Fact File, page 293, Heinemann, 2004, ISBN 0-435-45142-1
- ^ Hilda Hutcherson, Pleasure, page 190, Perigee, 2006, ISBN 0-399-53286-2
- ^ Mahmoudi M; Others (2013). "Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of egg yolk: a comparison between organic and machine made". European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences. 17 (4): 472–6. PMID 23467945.
- ^ Gekas, Alexandra (October 18, 2013). "Waxing 101: Tips and Tricks for Beginners". Woman's Day. Archived from the original on August 20, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
- ^ Turner, Beverley (November 15, 2013). "Pubic hair is back". Telegraph.co.uk. The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 11, 2022. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
- ^ Shire, Emily (October 4, 2014). "Waxing: Damned if You Do and Damned if You Don't: How Pubic Hair Became Political". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on May 20, 2017. Retrieved March 14, 2016.
- ^ Germinsky, Lisa (December 11, 2008). "Bush is back". Salon.com. Archived from the original on May 1, 2009. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
- ^ a b c d "Different Types of Bikini Wax and Application Techniques". Essortment. Archived from the original on February 18, 2011. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
- ^ a b c d "Brazilian bikini wax". Brazilian Bikinis. Archived from the original on November 17, 2012. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
- ^ a b c d Salinger, Eve (2005). The Complete Idiot's Guide to Pleasing Your Woman. New York: Alpha Books/Penguin Group. p. 196. ISBN 978-1-59257-464-3.
- ^ Hiscock, Jane; Frances Lovett (2004). Beauty Therapy (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Heinemann Educational Publishers. p. 325. ISBN 978-0-435-45102-8. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
- ^ Latour, Stephanie (2002). Erotic Review's Bedside Companion: An ABC of Delightful Depravity. Anova Books. p. 25. ISBN 978-1-84411-002-5. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
Salons offer a choice of waxing styles for women, including the widely renowned Brazilian or Mohican for those concerned not to reveal a single stray pube in the inciest, winciest beachwear, while The Hollywood denotes the full monty.
- ^ Grey, Maggie (June 30, 2012). "Basic Pubic Hairstyles". The Landing Strip. Archived from the original on October 17, 2014. Retrieved June 13, 2014.
- ^ Weigle, Elizabeth Anne. The American trend of female pubic hair removal. Diss. uga, 2009.
- ^ a b Valhouli, Christina (September 3, 1999). "Faster Pussycat, Wax! Wax!". Salon.com. Archived from the original on March 12, 2012. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
- ^ a b Blue, Violet (2002). The Ultimate Guide to Cunnilingus. San Francisco: Cleis Press. pp. 66–67. ISBN 978-1-57344-144-5.
- ^ a b Boston Women's Health Book Collective, The (2005). Our Bodies, Ourselves: A New Edition for a New Era (35th anniversary ed.). New York: Touchstone/Simon & Schuster. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-7432-5611-7.
- ^ Jeffries, Fran (March 19, 2009). "A ban on 'Brazilian' bikini waxing?". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Better Health (blog). Archived from the original on October 23, 2012. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
- ^ Ashley Fetters (December 13, 2011). "The New Full-Frontal: Has Pubic Hair in America Gone Extinct?". Archived from the original on December 15, 2011. Retrieved December 15, 2011.
- ^ Venema, Vibeke (December 31, 2016). "The women who invented the Brazilian wax". BBC News. Archived from the original on January 5, 2019. Retrieved December 31, 2016.
- ^ a b Kirsch, Melissa (2006). The Girl's Guide to Absolutely Everything. New York: Workman Publishing. p. 424. ISBN 978-0-7611-3579-1.
- ^ a b c Joannides, Paul (2006). Guide to Getting It On. Waldport, Oregon, US: Goofy Foot Press. pp. 233–246, 528–531. ISBN 978-1-885535-69-6.
- ^ a b c Godson, Suzi (2005). Sexploration: An Edgy Encyclopedia of Everything Sexual. Berkeley, California US: Amorata Press. pp. 89, 161. ISBN 978-1-56975-505-1.
- ^ Tweed, Katherine (July 11, 2007). "Woman Almost Dies After Bikini Wax". Fox News. Archived from the original on July 13, 2007. Retrieved July 31, 2007.
- ^ Rowen TS; Gaither TW; Awad MA; Osterberg E; Shindel AW; Breyer BN (October 2016). "Pubic Hair Grooming Prevalence and Motivation Among Women in the United States" (PDF). JAMA Dermatology. 152 (10): 1106–1113. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2016.2154. ISSN 2168-6068. PMID 27367465. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 14, 2020. Retrieved August 30, 2019.
- ^ Hoffman, Jan (June 29, 2016). "Most Women Prefer to Go Bare, Citing Hygiene (and Baffling Doctors)". New York Times. Archived from the original on June 29, 2016. Retrieved June 30, 2016.
- ^ Jason Gale; Shannon Pettypiece (January 13, 2013). "Brazilian Bikini Waxes Make Crab Lice Endangered Species". Bloomberg. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
- ^ Hackley, Barbara; Kriebs, Jan M.; Rousseau, Mary Ellen (2008). Primary Care of Women: A Guide for Midwives and Women's Health Providers. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p. 833. ISBN 9781449666156.
- ^ AlGhamdi, Khalid M.; AlHomoudi, Fahad A.; Khurramb, Huma (July 2014). "Skin care: Historical and contemporary views". Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal. 22 (3): 171–178. doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2013.02.005. PMC 4099567. PMID 25061400.
Abu Huraira narrated that the Prophet (pbuh) said, 'Five are the acts akin to Fitra (i.e., customs of sound nature): circumcision, shaving the pubic hair, cutting the nails, plucking the hair under the armpits and clipping the moustache'.
- ^ F. Fawcett (2004) [1901]. Nâyars of Malabar. Asian Educational Services. p. 195. ISBN 978-81-206-0171-0. Retrieved June 23, 2011.