Eva Rittmeister: Difference between revisions
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==Education== |
==Education== |
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To prepare for her [[Abitur]] in 1940, Rittmeister attended the the ''Heil'schen Abendschule'' [[Abendgymnasium]] ("Berliner Städtische Abendgymnasium für Erwachsene") (BAG) at Berlin W 50, Augsburger Straße 60 in [[Schöneberg]]. While there she met a number of people that would eventually become close friends including [[Ursula Goetze]], [[Liane Berkowitz]], [[Fritz Thiel]] and [[Friedrich Rehmer]]. They gradually formed a group of young people that met to discuss ideological, humanist and political views that gradually led to their opposition to Nazis.<ref name="Reit"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Tuchel |first1=Johannes |title=Weihnachten müsst Ihr richtig feiern |url=https://www.zeit.de/2007/51/A-Rote-Kapelle/seite-2 |access-date=10 December 2023 |agency=Die Zeit |publisher=Zeit-Verlag Gerd Bucerius GmbH & Co. KG |date=24 November 2009 |location=Hamburg |language=de}}</ref> |
To prepare for her [[Abitur]] in 1940, Rittmeister attended the the ''Heil'schen Abendschule'' [[Abendgymnasium]] ("Berliner Städtische Abendgymnasium für Erwachsene") (BAG) at Berlin W 50, Augsburger Straße 60 in [[Schöneberg]]. While there she met a number of people that would eventually become close friends including [[Ursula Goetze]], [[Liane Berkowitz]], [[Fritz Thiel]] and [[Friedrich Rehmer]].<ref name="Wörmann_2">{{cite book |last1=Wörmann |first1=Heinrich-Wilhelm |title=Widerstand in Schöneberg und Tempelhof |date=2002 |publisher=Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand |location=Berlin |page=169 |url=https://www.gdw-berlin.de/fileadmin/bilder/publikationen/Widerstand_in_Berlin/Widerstand%20in%20Sch%C3%B6neberg_Tempelhof_2002.pdf |language=de}}</ref> They gradually formed a group of young people that met to discuss ideological, humanist and political views that gradually led to their opposition to Nazis.<ref name="Reit"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Tuchel |first1=Johannes |title=Weihnachten müsst Ihr richtig feiern |url=https://www.zeit.de/2007/51/A-Rote-Kapelle/seite-2 |access-date=10 December 2023 |agency=Die Zeit |publisher=Zeit-Verlag Gerd Bucerius GmbH & Co. KG |date=24 November 2009 |location=Hamburg |language=de}}</ref><ref name="Wörmann_2"/> |
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==Rote Kapelle== |
==Rote Kapelle== |
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Revision as of 09:45, 10 December 2023
Eva Rittmeister (born 5 July 1913 in Zeitz, died 19 July 2004) was a German peadiatric nurse, later office worker who became a resistance fighter against the Nazis.[1] During World War II, Rittmeister became involved a Berlin based resistance group that later became known as the Red Orchestra ("Rote Kapelle").
Life
Eve Rittmeister née Knieper was the daughter of a merchant.[1] After school, Rittmeister initially trained as a pediatric nurse, then worked as an office worker.[1] Several sources indicate, however, that she was an actress.[2][3]
In 1939, after returning to Germany, Rittmeister married Eva Rittmeister née Knieper, who was a pediatric nurse[1] and fifteen years younger than him, aged 25. Rittmeister considered her "life-affirming", who often enriched his life by releiving his depression.[4]
Education
To prepare for her Abitur in 1940, Rittmeister attended the the Heil'schen Abendschule Abendgymnasium ("Berliner Städtische Abendgymnasium für Erwachsene") (BAG) at Berlin W 50, Augsburger Straße 60 in Schöneberg. While there she met a number of people that would eventually become close friends including Ursula Goetze, Liane Berkowitz, Fritz Thiel and Friedrich Rehmer.[5] They gradually formed a group of young people that met to discuss ideological, humanist and political views that gradually led to their opposition to Nazis.[1][6][5]
Rote Kapelle
In December 1941, Eva and her husband met Harro Schulze-Boysen and his wife, the aristocrat Libertas Schulze-Boysen.[7]
Arrest
On 26 September 1942, Eva and her husband were arrested by the Gestapo while at home.[8] Eva was temporarily released by re-arrested on 5 January 1943. Her husband was sentenced to the death penalty by the 2nd Senate of the Reichskriegsgericht "for preparation for high treason and enemy favouritism".[9] During the same trial Eva was sentenced to 3 years in prison "for listening to enemy transmitters".[8] On 13 May 1943, John Rittmeister was executed by the guillotine in Plötzensee Prison.[8] Eva Rittmeister survived the end of the war.[8]
References
- ^ a b c d e "Eva Rittmeister". Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand. Berlin: Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
- ^ Schulz, Manfred (1979). "Dr. John Rittmeister — Nervenarzt und Widerstandskämpfer". Psychiatrie, Neurologie und medizinische Psychologie (in German). 31 (4): 213–216. ISSN 0033-2739.
- ^ Cocks, Geoffrey (1985). Psychotherapy in the Third Reich: the Göring Institute. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 330. ISBN 0-19-503461-9.
- ^ Bräutigam, Walter; Teller, Christine (1998). "John Rittmeister zum 100. Geburtstag — Leben und Werke". Zeitschrift für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychoanalyse (in German). 44 (3). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht (GmbH & Co. KG): 206. ISSN 0340-5613. JSTOR 23997683.
- ^ a b Wörmann, Heinrich-Wilhelm (2002). Widerstand in Schöneberg und Tempelhof (PDF) (in German). Berlin: Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand. p. 169.
- ^ Tuchel, Johannes (24 November 2009). "Weihnachten müsst Ihr richtig feiern" (in German). Hamburg: Zeit-Verlag Gerd Bucerius GmbH & Co. KG. Die Zeit. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
- ^ Nelson, Anne (7 April 2009). Red Orchestra: The Story of the Berlin Underground and the Circle of Friends Who Resisted Hitler. Random House Publishing Group. p. 242. ISBN 978-1-58836-799-0. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
- ^ a b c d Wörmann, Heinrich-Wilhelm (1991). Widerstand in Charlottenburg (PDF) (in German) (2nd ed.). Berlin: Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand. p. 132.
- ^ "Friedrich Rehmer". Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand. German Resistance Memorial Center. Retrieved 10 December 2023.