Maria Terwiel

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Maria Terwiel and Helmut Himpel
Stolperstein , Lietzenburger Strasse 72, in Berlin-Charlottenburg

Maria Terwiel (actually Rosemarie Terwiel ; born June 7, 1910 in Boppard ; † August 5, 1943 in Berlin-Plötzensee ) was a Catholic German resistance fighter against National Socialism . She belonged to the circle of the Red Chapel .

Life

US CIC file on Maria Terwiel

The daughter of a senior administrative officer (Johannes Terwiel, * 1882 in Rheinberg , Catholic and Social Democrat, later a teacher in Boppard and then in Posen) and a Jewish mother (Rosa Terwiel) completed her high school in Stettin in 1931 with the Abitur. She then took up law studies in Freiburg im Breisgau and Munich . During her studies she met her future fiancé Helmut Himpel . But due to the Nuremberg Laws , Maria Terwiel was considered a “ half-Jewish ”, which is why she had no prospect of getting a position as a trainee lawyer. She and Helmut Himpel were forbidden to marry. After dropping out of her studies, she returned to her family, who now lived in Berlin , and later moved in with Helmut Himpel. She found a job as a secretary in a German-Swiss textile company .

The devout Catholic, supported hidden together with Hans Helmuth Himpel Jews , giving them identity cards and ration cards procured. Contacts were made with the Red Orchestra resistance group around Harro Schulze-Boysen . Terwiel copied illegal leaflets and put up sticky notes against the National Socialist propaganda exhibition " The Soviet Paradise ".

Maria Terwiel was arrested on September 17, 1942. She sat for several weeks with the Polish resistance fighter Krystyna Wituska in a cell in the Alexanderplatz police prison , and they both enjoyed a close friendship until Terwiel's execution. On January 26, 1943, Terwiel was sentenced to death by the Reich Court Martial . After Adolf Hitler had rejected a petition for clemency , the execution of the sentence was ordered on August 4, 1943 , and the execution by guillotine was carried out the following day in the Berlin-Plötzensee prison .

Honors

  • The Terwielsteig in the Paul-Hertz settlement near the Plötzensee execution site is named after her.
  •  There is a memorial stone in the courtyard of the Humboldt University in Berlin-Mitte ( Unter den Linden 6).
  • In her hometown of Boppard, Maria-Terwiel-Strasse was dedicated to her, and since 2009 a plaque on the house where she was born at Mainzer Strasse 17 has been commemorating the fate of the teacher's daughter.
  • In Lüneburg , Maria-Terwiel-Strasse bears her name.
  • In Karlsruhe , Maria-Terwiel-Strasse bears her name.
  • In Leverkusen , Maria-Terwiel-Strasse bears her name.
  • In Hamburg the Maria-Terwiel-Kehre bears her name.
  • In Rheinberg , a street in a new building area was named after Maria Terwiel.
  • On March 13, 2012 , a stumbling block for Maria Terwiel was laid in front of the former house in Berlin-Charlottenburg , Lietzenburger Straße 72 .

literature

  • Gert Rosiejka: The Red Chapel. "Treason" as an anti-fascist resistance. - With an introduction by Heinrich Scheel. Results-Verlag, Hamburg 1986, ISBN 3-925622-16-0 .
  • Regina Griebel, Marlies Coburger, Heinrich Scheel : Recorded? The Gestapo album for the Red Orchestra. Audioscop, Halle / S., 1992.
  • Johannes Tuchel : Maria Terwiel and Helmut Himpel. Christians in the Red Chapel. In: Hans Coppi junior , Jürgen Danyel, Johannes Tuchel (eds.): The Red Chapel in the Resistance to National Socialism. Berlin 1994, p. 213 ff.
  • Ursula Pruss: Art. Maria Terwiel. In: Helmut Moll , (Ed. On behalf of the German Bishops' Conference): Witnesses for Christ. The German martyrology of the 20th century. Paderborn u. a. 1999, 7th revised and updated edition 2019, Volume I., ISBN 978-3-506-78012-6 , pages 182-186.
  • Stefan Roloff : The Red Chapel. The resistance group in the Third Reich and the history of Helmut Roloff Ullstein, 2002.

Web links

Commons : Maria Terwiel  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "Against Dictatorship - Democratic Resistance in Germany" ; Retrieved September 9, 2008
  2. ↑ Terwielsteig. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near  Kaupert )
  3. ^ Reichardt: Memorial to the memory of the book burning on May 10, 1933. Humboldt University, archived from the original on February 2, 2007 ; Retrieved December 25, 2014 .
personal data
SURNAME Terwiel, Maria
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Terwiel, Rosemarie
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German resistance fighter against National Socialism
DATE OF BIRTH June 7, 1910
PLACE OF BIRTH Boppard
DATE OF DEATH August 5, 1943
Place of death Berlin-Plötzensee