Evening grammar school

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The evening grammar school is a special form of grammar school that belongs to the group of second educational paths (schools for adults, SfE; schools for working people).

Germany

Lesson times

Evening grammar schools are offered in different "time windows" depending on the state and local tradition:

  • on individual evenings of the week (for example only on three days),
  • in the evening, approx. from 5:30 p.m., daily from Mondays to Fridays,
  • Afternoon classes, from around 2:30 p.m. on the five working days of the week,
  • Morning classes ("evening high school in the morning"), from around 8:00 am on the five working days.

In addition, in North Rhine-Westphalia and now also in Rhineland-Palatinate (at the Ketteler-Kolleg ) there is the “Abitur-Online” school experiment and in Bremen the e-learning program with only two attendance days a week, supplemented by lessons on an internet platform.

In addition to evening grammar schools, several federal states also offer so-called colleges (“ Hessenkolleg ” and the like) for adults who want to obtain the Abitur. The difference is that the colleges offer full-time instruction in the form of a day high school.

At an evening grammar school, you can obtain both the technical college entrance qualification and the general university entrance qualification.

Access

In order to be admitted to an evening grammar school, certain requirements must be met:

  • The applicant must be at least 18 years old so that the schooling can be shortened to three years. If he is not yet of legal age, he has to attend evening school for four years
  • have completed vocational training or several years of professional experience (2 years of housekeeping is also possible). The time varies from state to state. Parenting periods are taken into account, as are periods of unemployment and military or community service.
  • have a school leaving certificate; some federal states, however, only require the completion of compulsory school attendance.

costs

State evening grammar schools are usually free of charge, so there are no monthly tuition fees. Indirect costs arise for employed people if they can no longer work as in the previous time due to the double burden. From the fourth semester, if there is personal authorization, school education according to BAföG can be funded. The funding does not have to be repaid.

Since the second educational path in Baden-Württemberg was almost completely transferred to private schools, there are no longer any state evening grammar schools there. Private providers charge a fee of around € 50 / month (as of 2006). In Karlsruhe the fee is € 757 per school year, plus a registration fee of € 150 (as of 2014).

In Bavaria, too, there is, in addition to several private evening grammar schools, with the municipal evening grammar school for working people in Munich, only one public and therefore free school, namely in Munich, which is maintained by the state capital of Munich. The state of Bavaria does not run an evening grammar school.

classes

For people with a secondary school leaving certificate, schooling up to the Abitur takes five to seven semesters (2½ to 3½ years), for those with a secondary school diploma it may take eight semesters.

Attending a “preliminary course” (one to two semesters), in which previous learning material is refreshed and which prepares for the subsequent evening study, is voluntary in some federal states, but compulsory in others. In addition, there is an “advanced course” (“eighth semester”) at numerous evening grammar schools, which offers beginners with secondary school and secondary school qualifications in the core subjects German, mathematics and English. In some places, advanced courses are also offered for non-native speakers to consolidate their knowledge of German. The advanced course and preliminary course help you decide whether you are ready to take on the stresses and strains of your schooling - and adapt your life accordingly.

Overview: The three phases at an evening grammar school up to the Abitur examination

  • Pre-course phase (advanced course and preliminary course) one semester each (if required),
  • Introductory phase (first and second semester),
  • Qualification phase (third to sixth semester).

The canon of subjects in the evening grammar school largely corresponds to that of a “normal” grammar school; in isolated cases, special minor subjects depend on the school profile of the evening grammar school, its size or the resources.

The three areas of responsibility at an AG are:

  • Task 1: German , DaZ, English , French , Latin , Spanish (etc.)
  • Task area 2: Historical and political education, philosophy, economics and social sciences (etc.)
  • Task area 3: Mathematics, biology, chemistry, physics, computer science (etc.)

Sports can be taken at many working groups.

"German as a second language" (in short: DaZ) can be taken at many working groups instead of the second foreign language (French, Latin or Spanish) in the preliminary course and in the introductory phase. DaZ is intended for those students who can communicate very well in German, but who do not yet have a solid foundation in this language.

The class size is usually 15–20 students. Sometimes far less. These small groups have the advantage for pupils that teachers can adapt to the learners better and more intensively than in day schools. The teachers of the working groups are usually active in this branch of education at their own request, but mostly have no special training in adult didactics, but one for secondary levels I or II.

The evening grammar schools have been taking part in the Central Abitur since 2008 (NRW). The respective requirements are specified by the "Standard Safety Central Abitur NRW". If an AG accepts students twice a year, the Abitur is usually taken twice a year.

history

Final adult education (evening grammar school, colleges) has existed in Germany since the mid-twenties and is in the tradition of early workers’s training associations , adult education centers (formerly: Bund für Volksbildung) and liberal / civic education initiatives. What these origins have in common is that “little people” and / or socially disadvantaged groups in society should have access to more education and opportunities for career advancement.

The first evening grammar school in Germany can be traced back to the Silbermann College in Berlin (1927). Peter Adalbert Silbermann started teaching on September 9, 1927 with 115 students and ten teachers. The first matriculation examination in 1930 passed 23 candidates. In June 1930 the city of Berlin took over the administration of the school. The Jewish headmaster Prof. Silbermann and three teachers from the school were dismissed by the National Socialists in 1933 without notice.

During National Socialism, most of the German evening grammar schools were no longer supported to the necessary extent, and many of them were dissolved, and Jewish teachers were dismissed and persecuted. In several cases, the National Socialists took over these schools and misused them for the party's cadre work or for further training within the framework of the German Labor Front , DAF.

Immediately after the Second World War , a few evening grammar schools in Germany resumed their work on a small scale. All new educational institutions in Germany were viewed with suspicion by the occupying powers, but the success of the West German evening grammar schools was gaining ground because it was embedded in the US re-education program from the 1950s onwards, and the occupying authorities were increasingly approving again the work of the popular educational associations that were banned or broken up in the Third Reich.

Evening grammar schools in the Federal Republic of Germany

Military service in particular often made it impossible for men to complete their Abitur as part of their normal school career, as most of them were drafted before they graduated. Younger and younger age groups were drawn in, so that the students often could not get a proper degree (see also military diploma ). The deportation to Kinderland and later the increasing destruction of the teaching institutes and the military service of many teachers often led to broken educational biographies. In the post-war period, the provisional war labs were only partially accepted. In many cases, the graduates of a war high school were refused recognition of their academic degree. However, only a few families could afford to finance the rest of their children's education. The young men were needed to make money. The evening grammar schools were a way of at least partially solving this problem, since the students could work normally during the day in order to continue their education in the evening. In the 1960s, evening grammar schools in the Federal Republic of Germany experienced a boom and a new wave of start-ups. On the one hand this happened against the background of the demand for qualified workers, on the other hand against the background of an intensive educational discourse. The determining factors in this discussion were Georg Picht ( Die deutsche Bildungskatastrophe , 1964) and Ralf Dahrendorf ( Education is civil rights , 1965).

While male students predominated after the Second World War, in the years after the 1968 movement more and more women found their way to evening grammar schools, so that men often formed a small minority in the classes.

With the increase in the rate of high school diplomas at youth schools since the 1970s, the competition for jobs with academic degrees has increased sharply (see also: educational paradox ). At the same time, the emerging mass unemployment is putting high pressure on the Abitur qualification. While z. For example, the city's evening grammar school in Munich had an average of around 600 students around 1990 and around 100 high school graduates annually, the number of students has fallen to around 300 today.

Evening grammar schools, today advanced training colleges, are offer schools and cannot be compared with compulsory schools for young people. Because of z. For example, because of professional, personal and family problems, many students end their course at the ZBW prematurely. The Abitur qualifications achieved roughly correspond to those of the youth high schools.

What continues to fascinate many students about working groups and colleges - understandably also through empirical studies - is to get to know other ways of life as an adult, "switch over", to explore and to try out new, individual forms of life and work, beyond the beaten track of the classic working world. This seems to be an important leitmotif, especially in these days of high unemployment.

Abitur for working people in the GDR

In the GDR there were numerous evening schools leading to the Abitur, the tasks of which were carried out there by the adult education centers.

The relatively high number of these schools can only be understood against the background of the political conditions prevailing at the time. Anyone who was politically unreliable, did not take part in the youth consecration, or sometimes even had no parents belonging to the "working class", had to reckon with not being admitted to an extended high school (EOS) despite good performance at the polytechnic high school To be able to graduate from high school. Even if he could not get a training position for vocational training with a high school diploma , he first had to complete a normal professional apprenticeship, but could then attend a community college and catch up on the high school diploma. Then the universities were also open to him. Apprentices who completed vocational training with a high school diploma also had to attend the adult education center if they wanted to study, as their curriculum did not include art education, music or biology.

Prominent graduates

Prominent graduates of German evening grammar schools are former Federal Chancellor Gerhard Schröder , ex-Federal Minister Norbert Blüm , ex-Daimler boss Jürgen Schrempp , ex-CSU chairman Erwin Huber (Abitur at the municipal evening high school for working people in Munich ) and ex-VW manager Peter Hartz .

Austria: Federal general education college for employed people

In Austria, it is possible to acquire the school leaving certificate, the Matura , at an evening grammar school (Abendmatura) . Classes are offered both in the traditional form from Monday to Friday and as a correspondence course with social phases on two evenings a week.

In the cities of Vienna , Linz (Upper Austria), Salzburg , evening high school Graz (Styria), Klagenfurt and Villach (Carinthia) and Innsbruck (Tyrol) as well as Wiener Neustadt (Lower Austria) there are a total of eight evening high schools (general education higher schools of the federal government for working people, AHS for Working people) . For students from remote regions there is the possibility to take part in classes via the Internet (online participation, e-learning ) or to attend boarding school.

The AHS for working people, in addition to the Realgymnasium for working people and Economics Realgymnasium for working people, is regulated in Section 37 (3) of the School Organization Act and has its own curriculum.

The Bundesrealgymnasium for working people at the Theresian Military Academy in Wiener Neustadt was a specialty . Although this institution was a public school, it was only accessible to soldiers. The name was introduced back in the 1960s. Many officers who later attended the Theresian Military Academy graduated from this school. The last class train of this institution ended with the school year 2011/2012. The grammar school was deleted from the School Organization Act without replacement in 2014.

Italy

Probably the densest network of evening grammar schools is in the autonomous province of South Tyrol . Teachers at normal day high schools teach part of their hours in the evening and thus enable adults to catch up on the state final examination (Matura).

Lithuania

The evening grammar schools in Lithuania are so-called adult grammar schools:

Web links

Wiktionary: Evening high school  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Germany:

Austria:

Individual evidence

  1. Central high school diploma at the advanced training college . Quality and Support Agency - State Institute for Schools. Retrieved March 30, 2019.
  2. Evening High School Graz
  3. AHS curriculum for employed people , bmukk.gv.at
  4. ErlV 141 BlgNR XXV. GP 2.
  5. Federal Law Gazette I No. 48/2014